Feb 9 Exam Flashcards
1
Q
Homer
A
- Wrote the Iliad and Odyssey
- Work covers specifics (work about the distant past)
- Work was made to be spoken orally
- Poems linked to getting out of the dark ages
- Wrote EPIC POETRY
2
Q
Achilles
A
- Greek hero of the Trojan war
- Central character and greatest warrior of Homer’s ‘Iliad’
- Fought with Agamenon
- Fought with Hector
- Gods are responsible for starting the fight with Achilles and Agamemnon
3
Q
Heinrich Schliemann
A
- 1822-1890
- German
- Wanted to find the city of Troy
- Achaeologist
- Possibly found evidence of Troy
- Excavated Mycenae
- Founded the “MASK OF AGAMEMNON”
4
Q
Agamemnon
A
- Fought with Achilles
- Big guy that was in charge of politics
- Had a mask that was founded by Heinrich
5
Q
Xerxes
A
- Persian king
- Son of Darius
- Planned the third invasion of the Persian War
- Decides to go through Thermopylae aka the Hot Gates
6
Q
Odysseus
A
- Greek king of Ithaca
- Has good persuasion to get what he wants
- Plays a key role in Homer’s ‘ILIAD’ and hero in Homer’s “ODYSSEY
7
Q
Draco
A
- Wrote the laws of Athens
8
Q
Hesiod
A
- Wrote “THE WORKS AND DAYS”, “THEOGONY”, “Shield of Herakles”
- Works covers a variety of topics (realistic works)
- Poems were shorter than Homer’s
- Works were made to be written due to the short length
9
Q
Solon
A
- Instituted the reforms of Athens
- Balanced constitution - satisfied rich, made poor less miserable
10
Q
Snake Goddess
A
- Medusa
11
Q
Aristotle
A
- Greek philosopher
12
Q
Darius
A
- Became emperor and installed democracy in Ionia
- Lead the first and second invasion of the Persian War
- Father of Xerxes
- Sets out an expedition to attack Greece after Ionia decides to revolt against him
13
Q
Miltiades
A
- Athenian commander who lead the victory for Athens in the second invasion of the Persian War
14
Q
Pythagoras
A
- ca 580-500 bc
- Believed in superiority of spirit to matter and that number was key and patterns were everywhere
- Pythagorean theorem
15
Q
Milman Parry
A
- 1902-1935
- Helped understand Homer
16
Q
Lycurgus
A
- Writes laws for Sparta
17
Q
Cleisthenes
A
- Was involved with reforms
- DEMOKRATIA = democracy
- Was part of the BOULE - council of 500 men
18
Q
Sappho
A
- Greek LYRIC POETRY poet who wrote poems about erotic love between women
19
Q
Croesus
A
- Wanted to rule the Greeks in Ionia
- Loses and Ionia becomes part of the Persian empire
- Was defeated by Cyrus ca 547 bc
20
Q
Dipylon Painter
A
- Vase painter in Athens
21
Q
Themistokles
A
- Oracle of Apollo at Delphi; Acropolis
22
Q
Kypselids
A
- Rules Corinth until ca 587 bc
23
Q
Messenians
A
- Was conquered by Sparta before 700 bc
24
Q
Presocractics
A
- Lived before Socrates
- Speculated on origin and nature of the universe
25
Herodotus
- Herodotus 'THE HISTORIES" - title was given to work by later readers
- Discusses what interested him - unbiased
- Saw greek cultures as inherently superior to Persian culture
26
Michael Ventris
- Architect
| - Has documents relating to Mycenaean greek
27
Sea Peoples
- Aka people of the sea
| - Wave of seafaring raiders within the Minoan culture during the Bronze Age
28
Minos
- King of Crete
- Half man, half bull
- Was a product of an affair - sex with a bull
29
Sophists
- Teachers in both ancient Greece and in the Roman empire
30
Peisistratus
- Ruler of ancient Athens
| - Son of Hippocrates
31
Hippias
- Tyrant of Athens
32
Xenophon
- Greek historian, soldier, mercenary, and student of Socrates
33
Helots
- A serf or slave in ancient Sparta
34
Tyrtaeus
- Greek lyric poet who composed verses in Sparta during the time of the second Messenian war
35
Archilochus
- Greek lyric poet during the Archaic poet
| - Poet and soldier
36
Basileus
- King or Emperor
37
Lefkandi
- Has evidence of monumental buildings
38
Crete
- Minoan culture
| - Was involved in an earthquake
39
Thermopylae
- "Hot Gates"
| - Consisted in Xerxes plan during the third invasion of the Persian war
40
Knossos
- Most important, located on the center of the island of Crete
- Has monumental architecture
- Architecturally and technically advanced
- Consists of the Horns of Consecration
41
Mesopotamia
- Uses pottery for the dead called Krater
42
Phoenecia
- Outside connections, trading hub for the mediterranean
43
Tiryn
- City with walls around due to attacks - has defensive mindsets
- Walls around city are called CYCLOPEAN WALLS - Greeks thought walls were so huge because they thought cyclopes must have built the walls
44
Mycenae
- Name of the city that gave the Mycenaean culture its name
| - Excavated by Heinrich Schliemann
45
Karphi
- Fortified building sights
- Central location of Crete - very remote
- Has lots of evidence of religion
46
Athens
- Greek main land
47
Sparta
- Conquered Messenians before 700 bc
- Lycurgus writes his laws
- Spartan society = strict and under a constitution
48
Troy/Hissarlik
- Citadel was the high temple of Troy
- Heinrich Schliemann wanted to find the city of Troy
- Evidence of Troy was possibly founded by Schliemann
- Schliemann decided dig up in Turkey - Hissarlik
- Schliemann was sure he found Troy when he dug in the Turkey location
49
Olympia
- Where the olympic games were held
- Important athletic and religious stuff happened here
- Includes the temple of Zeus
- Few dedications found in Olympia include a bronze horse and tripods
- Panhellenic
50
Corinth
- Leading commercial city ca 657 bc
- POLIS run by Bacchiads
- KYPSELOS becomes Tyrat
- KYPSELIDS rules Corinth until ca 587 bc
51
Persia
- Wars were involved
- Persian Empire
- Ruled by a king - Xerxes
52
Marathon
- 490 bc
- Battle that occurred as the second invasion of Darius
- Miltiades was the commander in which the Athenians won
- Pheidippides - one of he warriors who fought in the battle of Marathon and ran back to Athens to notify everybody that they won
53
Plataea
- Battle where Spartans lead it
54
Salamis
- Battle where a naval fleet was built - WOODEN WALLS - Greeks win
55
(Proto-) Geometric poetry
- Athenian pottery
| - "Free-field pottery"
56
Lion Gate
- Main entrance of the Bronze Age citadel of Mycenae
57
Grave Circle A
- Royal cemetery in Mycenae, south of the Lion Gate
58
Samian Heraion
- Located on Samos
- It is the temple of Hera - Hera is the goddess of marriage
- Has reconstructed columns and interior
59
Cup of Nestor
- Golden mixing cup/goblet that is mentioned in Homer's ILIAD
- Founded in Mycenae by Heinrich Schliemann
60
Linear A
- Writing system of the Minoans
- Pictographic - real life images used as text
- Enduring mystery
- Suspected primarily used for a business or economic language
- PHAISTOS DISK - written in a spiral of pictographic text
61
Linear B
- Writing system of the Mycenaeans
62
Dorian Invasion
- Dorians come in and attack settlements of Mycenae
63
Lyceum
- Public meeting place for discussions of ancient Greece
64
Constitution of the Athenians
- Written by Aristotle
| - Describes the political system of ancient Athens
65
Ekklesia (assembly)
- An assembly of people that are called out form their homes to discuss in a public place
66
Politeia of the Spartans
- Refers to the government and laws of the Dorian city-state of Sparta
- Structured Spartan society and its government
67
Polis
- A city state in ancient Greece, especially in its ideal form for philosophical purposes
68
Hoplite Revolution
- Responsible for the general widening of political rights
- Greek warfare in the greek dark age
- Hoplites were infantrymen in clad body armor
69
Dactyllic Hexameter
- Form of meter in poetry or a rhythmic scheme
| - Traditionally associated with classical epic poetry in both Greek and Latin
