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Clas 160B1 > April 8 Exam > Flashcards

April 8 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Livy

A
  • 59 BC - AD 17
  • Wrote 142 books of history
  • One of the main sources of Rome
  • Lives significantly later than Rome
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2
Q

Romulus

A
  • Brother of Remus
  • Founded the Roman Race
  • Descendant of Aeneas
  • Decided to start own city with brother = Rome
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3
Q

Remus

A
  • Brother of Romulus
  • Founded the Roman Race
  • Descendant of Aeneas
  • Decided to start own city with brother = Rome
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4
Q

Aeneas

A
  • A Trojan hero
  • Father is Anchises
  • Carries father out of Troy
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5
Q

Latins

A

-

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6
Q

Patres

A
  • means father

- In the roman kingdom when the king died, that sovereign power naturally reverted to the them.

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7
Q

Etruscans

A
  • they achieved a state system of society

- government was a theocracy

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8
Q

Servius Tullius

A
  • Something of a Tyrant?
  • Great reformer
  • Someone who comes to power and changes the ways of roman society = remodels Rome
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9
Q

Equestrians (equites)

A
  • ranking right below senators
  • business classes
  • Knights
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10
Q

Patricians

A
  • A class with great land wealth

- Had clients, poorer men/families who looked to them for support

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11
Q

Lucius Tarquinius

A
  • King
  • Was revolted against Patricians in 510 BC
  • Son raped Lucretia
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12
Q

Lucretia

A

-Committed suicide

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13
Q

Plebeians

A
  • Very large group effectively excluded from gov’t, priesthoods, etc.
  • Significantly larger than Patricians
  • Could “secede” from the state in protest
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14
Q

Sabines

A

-Located further North of the Romans

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15
Q

Samnites

A
  • formed confederation
  • allied with Rome against Gauls in 354 B.C.
  • Later became enemies of Romans and were involved in the three wars
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16
Q

Pyrrhus

A
  • of Epirus
  • Lived 318-272 BC
  • “Pyrrhic victory”
  • War with was 280-275 BC
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17
Q

Hamilcar Barca

A
  • Carthaginian general

- 237 BC - heads to Spain

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18
Q

Hasdrubal Barca

A
  • Succeeded Hamilcar

- Built new Carthage

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19
Q

Publius/Gaius Scipio

A

-Brothers that were for Rome in the Second Punic War

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20
Q

Scipio Africanus

A
  • Son of the previous Publius Cornelius Scipio

- “Africanus” for defeating Carthage on their own turf

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21
Q

Flamininus

A
  • Full name: Titus Quinctus Flaminus
  • Roman general in Macedonian war #2
  • Sold himself as a champion of Greece and Greek culture
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22
Q

Cato the Elder

A
  • Marcus Porcius Cato the Elder
  • “The Censor”
  • Sold himself as traditional, a defender of the old ways
  • Works that were in Latin include: De Agri Culura (“on agriculture”), Origines (“origins”), and also published 142 political speeches that were mostly lost
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23
Q

The Gracchi

A
  • Gaius and Tiberius are brothers

- they tried to reform Rome’s social and political structure to help the lower classes

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24
Q

Cimbri and Teutones

A

-defeated by Marius

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25
Q

Jugurtha

A

-defeated by Marius

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26
Q

Gaius Marius

A
  • elected Consul in 108 B.C. in spite of having no consuls in his family tree
  • takes over war w/ Jugurtha
  • 107 B.C. Marius gets no army from senate
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27
Q

Sulla

A
  • Died peacefully in 78 BC
  • Heads east to fight Mithridates Vi of Pontus in 1st Mithriddatic War
  • appointed dictator
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28
Q

Cicero

A
  • Full name: Marcus Tullius Cicero
  • 106-43 BC
  • Great source for the period 78-44 BC
  • Master of Latin prose
  • Wrote speeches, letters, philosophical works
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29
Q

Pompey

A
  • “The Great”
  • 106-48 BC
  • Big military victories in the 70s BC
  • 60s BC: major military command in Asia; gained lots of territory
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30
Q

Crassus

A

-was killed fighting the Parthians in 53 B.C.

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31
Q

Juilus Caesar

A

-in 46 B.C. elected dictator for 10 years
-Reforms: Changed taxation to minimize exploitation
-created new colonies
-reorganized the Roman calendar
-Set up temple to himself
-

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32
Q

Cleopatra VII

A
  • Queen of Egypt
  • 69-30 BC
  • Has 3 kids with Antony = mixed twins and a son
  • Gets married in 36 BC, but Antony was already married to Octavian’s sister, Octavia
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33
Q

Cato the Younger

A
  • One of the Optimates

- Great-grandson of Cato the Elder; championed ancient Roman morals and values

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34
Q

Marc Antony

A
  • Has 3 kids with Cleopatra

- Married Cleopatra in 36 BC even when already married to Octavian’s sister, Octavia

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35
Q

Lepidus

A

-

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36
Q

Octavian/Augustus

A
  • Octavian: presented himself as the guarantor of peace and security but also as an empire-building conqueror, was pressured by the senate to take control of a number of provinces and much of the army, acted like a champion of traditional Roman gov’t
  • Augustus: “high distinguished holy”, had permanent tribunician power were he could propose and veto laws
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37
Q

Cassius/Brutus

A

-

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38
Q

Diocletian

A

-

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39
Q

Virgil

A
  • Publius Vergilius Maro

- Wrote Eclogues, Georgies and the Aeneid

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40
Q

Suetonius

A
  • Gaius Suetonius Tranquilles (CA 71-CA 135 A.D.)
  • An African equestrian (Knight)
  • Held the poets of Librarian, document clerk and correspondence–keeper
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41
Q

Tacitus

A
  • senator and historian of Early Roman Empire: Wrote Annals and histories
  • Famous for Dark Wit and Concision
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42
Q

Julio-Claudians

A
  • members of The Julii and Claudii family
  • Augustus (Ruled 27 BC-AD 14)
  • Tiberius (Ruled AD 14-37)
  • Gaius (“Caligula” Ruled AD 37-41)
  • Claudius (Ruled AD 41-54)
  • Nero
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43
Q

Flavians

A
  • Italian Family
  • Vespasian (Ruled AD 69-79)
  • Titus (Ruled AD 79-81)
  • Domitian ( Ruled AD 81-96)
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44
Q

Antonines

A
  • View is more nuanced these days: sources are limited and positive and ignore vast bulk of the population
  • Edward Gibbon helped them become popular
45
Q

Sejanus

A

-

46
Q

Germanicus

A

-

47
Q

Vindex

A

-General in Gaul who revolts against Nero in AD 68

48
Q

Galba

A

-

49
Q

Otho

A

-

50
Q

Vitellius

A

-

51
Q

Commodus

A

-

52
Q

Pertinax

A
  • Ruled AD 19-192
  • Commodus killed by a wrestler
  • Elected by senate
  • Killed by Praetorian guard
53
Q

Severans

A

-

54
Q

Goths and Franks

A

-

55
Q

Sassanids

A

-

56
Q

Carthage

A
  • Colony of Tyre

- Phoenician city that was founded in the 8th century

57
Q

Sicily

A
  • Includes Syracuse

- Location of the Battle of Himera in 480 BC

58
Q

Syracuse

A

-Included in Rome

59
Q

Tiber River

A

-

60
Q

Latium

A

-Name of Latin territory

61
Q

Epirus

A

-

62
Q

Messana

A

-

63
Q

Saguntum

A
  • siege

- 2nd punic wars

64
Q

Rubicon River

A

-

65
Q

Po River

A

-

66
Q

Parthia

A

-

67
Q

Dacia

A

-

68
Q

Battle of Himera

A

-Happened in the city of Sicily

69
Q

“Struggle of the Orders”

A
  • Recurring issue for 200 years after 509 BC
  • Major issues include existence of debt slavery, monopoly on gov’t by patricians
  • “Struggle” ends with abolition of slavery and opening u high positions to plebs and confirmation of the tribunate
70
Q

Tribune of the Plebs

A

-

71
Q

509 BC

A

-

72
Q

Secession of the Plebs

A

-

73
Q

Latin League

A
  • Powerful alliance of Latin towns other than Rome
  • Army sponsored by the league and Rome
  • Military victories - and spoils - were shared
74
Q

Rape of the Sabine women

A

-Women stayed with the Romans

75
Q

Via Appia

A
  • Appian Road

- Was built by the Romans

76
Q

Aqua Appia

A

-

77
Q

The Punic Wars

A
  • Punic is Latin for Phoenician
  • 3 wars that lasted 265-146 BC with interruptions
  • Resulted in destroying Carthage and Rome made undisputed master of western Mediterranean by 202 BC which was the end of the 2nd war
78
Q

The Macedonian Wars

A
  • War #1: 215-205 BC - Philip V of Macedon was allies with Hannibal
  • War #2: 200-196 BC - Antiochus III; Battle of Cynoscephalae, 197 BC
79
Q

Hellenism

A
  • Appreciation for Greek culture that was expanded in Rome in the 2nd century BC
  • Includes lots of Greek art, drama, slaves now in Italy
  • Not everyone liked it because some thought Greek culture was corrupting
80
Q

The Seleucid War

A
  • 192-188 BC
  • Scipio Africans led the Roman forces
  • Antiochus withdraws out of Anatolia aka modern Turkey
  • Rome now became a player in Asia minor
81
Q

146 BC

A
  • Third Punic war ended

- Corinth was destroyed

82
Q

The Social War

A

-

83
Q

Proscriptions

A

-List of men who could be killed and have their property confiscated

84
Q

“New Men”

A

-

85
Q

Optimates

A
  • “Best men”

- Powerful men in the senate from influential old families

86
Q

First Triumvirate

A
  • 60 BC: Pompey, Caesar, and Crassus join forces to swing the upcoming elections
  • Plan was to have Caesar become consul; in the next year, all three will get extraordinary military commands - the plan works
87
Q

Populares

A
  • “popular party”
  • Group that opposed to the Optimates; they were aristocrats, but not the “in” crowd
  • They appealed to the popular assemblies - and their resentment of the Optimates
88
Q

The Civil War

A
  • 49-45 BC
  • Caesar defeats Pompey and the Optimates
  • By 45 BC, Pompey and Cato are dead and Caesar is absolute ruler at Rome
89
Q

Second Triumvirate

A
  • Formed in 43 BC by Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus
  • Recognized by Roman assembly as a commission of dictators
  • Issued proscriptions
90
Q

“Donations of Alexandria”

A
  • 34 BC

- Cleopatra and her kids were granted tons of honors

91
Q

Princeps

A

-“First citizen”

92
Q

Battle of Actium

A

-

93
Q

Tribunician Power

A

-Power of the Tribune where one can propose and veto laws

94
Q

Proconsular Power

A

-The Power of a Proconsul where one has the freedom to act as he saw fit in the provinces

95
Q

Aeneid

A

-Great Roman Epic

96
Q

Imperial/ruler cult

A

-

97
Q

Praetorian guard

A

-

98
Q

Great fire of Rome

A

-

99
Q

Golden House

A
  • Golden House of Nero
  • “Domus Aurea”
  • Contructed right after the great fire of 64 BC
100
Q

Year of the Four Emperors

A
  • Galba (AD 68-69)
  • Otho (AD 69)
  • Vitellius (AD 69)
  • Vespasianus
101
Q

Colosseum

A

-

102
Q

Eruption of Mt. Vesuvius

A

-

103
Q

Tetrarchy

A

-Rule of four men

104
Q

Historia Augusta

A
  • Means “The Augustan History”
  • Collection of Roman emperor bios that continues Suetonius
  • Written by one author, likely at the end of the 4th century AD/beginning of the 5th century AD
  • Manuscript records six different authors writing over two distinct periods
  • lots of clearly false info
  • mostly invented lives of co-rulers and usurpers
  • Fake documents included: at least 130 of them
  • good source for literary tastes, ideals of Roman elite
  • many of the major biographies are based on another set of lives
  • Author used reliable historians for certain parts of the work
105
Q

Capitoline Games

A

-

106
Q

5 Good Emperors

A

-

107
Q

Auction of the Empire

A

-

108
Q

Year of the Five Emperors

A
  • 193 AD
  • Pertinax
  • Didius Julianus
  • Pescennius Niger
  • Clodius Albinus
  • Septimius Severus

Clas 160B1 (4 decks)

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