April 8 Exam Flashcards
1
Q
Livy
A
- 59 BC - AD 17
- Wrote 142 books of history
- One of the main sources of Rome
- Lives significantly later than Rome
2
Q
Romulus
A
- Brother of Remus
- Founded the Roman Race
- Descendant of Aeneas
- Decided to start own city with brother = Rome
3
Q
Remus
A
- Brother of Romulus
- Founded the Roman Race
- Descendant of Aeneas
- Decided to start own city with brother = Rome
4
Q
Aeneas
A
- A Trojan hero
- Father is Anchises
- Carries father out of Troy
5
Q
Latins
A
-
6
Q
Patres
A
- means father
- In the roman kingdom when the king died, that sovereign power naturally reverted to the them.
7
Q
Etruscans
A
- they achieved a state system of society
- government was a theocracy
8
Q
Servius Tullius
A
- Something of a Tyrant?
- Great reformer
- Someone who comes to power and changes the ways of roman society = remodels Rome
9
Q
Equestrians (equites)
A
- ranking right below senators
- business classes
- Knights
10
Q
Patricians
A
- A class with great land wealth
- Had clients, poorer men/families who looked to them for support
11
Q
Lucius Tarquinius
A
- King
- Was revolted against Patricians in 510 BC
- Son raped Lucretia
12
Q
Lucretia
A
-Committed suicide
13
Q
Plebeians
A
- Very large group effectively excluded from gov’t, priesthoods, etc.
- Significantly larger than Patricians
- Could “secede” from the state in protest
14
Q
Sabines
A
-Located further North of the Romans
15
Q
Samnites
A
- formed confederation
- allied with Rome against Gauls in 354 B.C.
- Later became enemies of Romans and were involved in the three wars
16
Q
Pyrrhus
A
- of Epirus
- Lived 318-272 BC
- “Pyrrhic victory”
- War with was 280-275 BC
17
Q
Hamilcar Barca
A
- Carthaginian general
- 237 BC - heads to Spain
18
Q
Hasdrubal Barca
A
- Succeeded Hamilcar
- Built new Carthage
19
Q
Publius/Gaius Scipio
A
-Brothers that were for Rome in the Second Punic War
20
Q
Scipio Africanus
A
- Son of the previous Publius Cornelius Scipio
- “Africanus” for defeating Carthage on their own turf
21
Q
Flamininus
A
- Full name: Titus Quinctus Flaminus
- Roman general in Macedonian war #2
- Sold himself as a champion of Greece and Greek culture
22
Q
Cato the Elder
A
- Marcus Porcius Cato the Elder
- “The Censor”
- Sold himself as traditional, a defender of the old ways
- Works that were in Latin include: De Agri Culura (“on agriculture”), Origines (“origins”), and also published 142 political speeches that were mostly lost
23
Q
The Gracchi
A
- Gaius and Tiberius are brothers
- they tried to reform Rome’s social and political structure to help the lower classes
24
Q
Cimbri and Teutones
A
-defeated by Marius
25
Jugurtha
-defeated by Marius
26
Gaius Marius
- elected Consul in 108 B.C. in spite of having no consuls in his family tree
- takes over war w/ Jugurtha
- 107 B.C. Marius gets no army from senate
27
Sulla
- Died peacefully in 78 BC
- Heads east to fight Mithridates Vi of Pontus in 1st Mithriddatic War
- appointed dictator
28
Cicero
- Full name: Marcus Tullius Cicero
- 106-43 BC
- Great source for the period 78-44 BC
- Master of Latin prose
- Wrote speeches, letters, philosophical works
29
Pompey
- "The Great"
- 106-48 BC
- Big military victories in the 70s BC
- 60s BC: major military command in Asia; gained lots of territory
30
Crassus
-was killed fighting the Parthians in 53 B.C.
31
Juilus Caesar
-in 46 B.C. elected dictator for 10 years
-Reforms: Changed taxation to minimize exploitation
-created new colonies
-reorganized the Roman calendar
-Set up temple to himself
-
32
Cleopatra VII
- Queen of Egypt
- 69-30 BC
- Has 3 kids with Antony = mixed twins and a son
- Gets married in 36 BC, but Antony was already married to Octavian's sister, Octavia
33
Cato the Younger
- One of the Optimates
| - Great-grandson of Cato the Elder; championed ancient Roman morals and values
34
Marc Antony
- Has 3 kids with Cleopatra
| - Married Cleopatra in 36 BC even when already married to Octavian's sister, Octavia
35
Lepidus
-
36
Octavian/Augustus
- Octavian: presented himself as the guarantor of peace and security but also as an empire-building conqueror, was pressured by the senate to take control of a number of provinces and much of the army, acted like a champion of traditional Roman gov't
- Augustus: "high distinguished holy", had permanent tribunician power were he could propose and veto laws
37
Cassius/Brutus
-
38
Diocletian
-
39
Virgil
- Publius Vergilius Maro
| - Wrote Eclogues, Georgies and the Aeneid
40
Suetonius
- Gaius Suetonius Tranquilles (CA 71-CA 135 A.D.)
- An African equestrian (Knight)
- Held the poets of Librarian, document clerk and correspondence--keeper
41
Tacitus
- senator and historian of Early Roman Empire: Wrote Annals and histories
- Famous for Dark Wit and Concision
42
Julio-Claudians
- members of The Julii and Claudii family
- Augustus (Ruled 27 BC-AD 14)
- Tiberius (Ruled AD 14-37)
- Gaius ("Caligula" Ruled AD 37-41)
- Claudius (Ruled AD 41-54)
- Nero
43
Flavians
- Italian Family
- Vespasian (Ruled AD 69-79)
- Titus (Ruled AD 79-81)
- Domitian ( Ruled AD 81-96)
44
Antonines
- View is more nuanced these days: sources are limited and positive and ignore vast bulk of the population
- Edward Gibbon helped them become popular
45
Sejanus
-
46
Germanicus
-
47
Vindex
-General in Gaul who revolts against Nero in AD 68
48
Galba
-
49
Otho
-
50
Vitellius
-
51
Commodus
-
52
Pertinax
- Ruled AD 19-192
- Commodus killed by a wrestler
- Elected by senate
- Killed by Praetorian guard
53
Severans
-
54
Goths and Franks
-
55
Sassanids
-
56
Carthage
- Colony of Tyre
| - Phoenician city that was founded in the 8th century
57
Sicily
- Includes Syracuse
| - Location of the Battle of Himera in 480 BC
58
Syracuse
-Included in Rome
59
Tiber River
-
60
Latium
-Name of Latin territory
61
Epirus
-
62
Messana
-
63
Saguntum
- siege
| - 2nd punic wars
64
Rubicon River
-
65
Po River
-
66
Parthia
-
67
Dacia
-
68
Battle of Himera
-Happened in the city of Sicily
69
"Struggle of the Orders"
- Recurring issue for 200 years after 509 BC
- Major issues include existence of debt slavery, monopoly on gov't by patricians
- "Struggle" ends with abolition of slavery and opening u high positions to plebs and confirmation of the tribunate
70
Tribune of the Plebs
-
71
509 BC
-
72
Secession of the Plebs
-
73
Latin League
- Powerful alliance of Latin towns other than Rome
- Army sponsored by the league and Rome
- Military victories - and spoils - were shared
74
Rape of the Sabine women
-Women stayed with the Romans
75
Via Appia
- Appian Road
| - Was built by the Romans
76
Aqua Appia
-
77
The Punic Wars
- Punic is Latin for Phoenician
- 3 wars that lasted 265-146 BC with interruptions
- Resulted in destroying Carthage and Rome made undisputed master of western Mediterranean by 202 BC which was the end of the 2nd war
78
The Macedonian Wars
- War #1: 215-205 BC - Philip V of Macedon was allies with Hannibal
- War #2: 200-196 BC - Antiochus III; Battle of Cynoscephalae, 197 BC
79
Hellenism
- Appreciation for Greek culture that was expanded in Rome in the 2nd century BC
- Includes lots of Greek art, drama, slaves now in Italy
- Not everyone liked it because some thought Greek culture was corrupting
80
The Seleucid War
- 192-188 BC
- Scipio Africans led the Roman forces
- Antiochus withdraws out of Anatolia aka modern Turkey
- Rome now became a player in Asia minor
81
146 BC
- Third Punic war ended
| - Corinth was destroyed
82
The Social War
-
83
Proscriptions
-List of men who could be killed and have their property confiscated
84
"New Men"
-
85
Optimates
- "Best men"
| - Powerful men in the senate from influential old families
86
First Triumvirate
- 60 BC: Pompey, Caesar, and Crassus join forces to swing the upcoming elections
- Plan was to have Caesar become consul; in the next year, all three will get extraordinary military commands - the plan works
87
Populares
- "popular party"
- Group that opposed to the Optimates; they were aristocrats, but not the "in" crowd
- They appealed to the popular assemblies - and their resentment of the Optimates
88
The Civil War
- 49-45 BC
- Caesar defeats Pompey and the Optimates
- By 45 BC, Pompey and Cato are dead and Caesar is absolute ruler at Rome
89
Second Triumvirate
- Formed in 43 BC by Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus
- Recognized by Roman assembly as a commission of dictators
- Issued proscriptions
90
"Donations of Alexandria"
- 34 BC
| - Cleopatra and her kids were granted tons of honors
91
Princeps
-"First citizen"
92
Battle of Actium
-
93
Tribunician Power
-Power of the Tribune where one can propose and veto laws
94
Proconsular Power
-The Power of a Proconsul where one has the freedom to act as he saw fit in the provinces
95
Aeneid
-Great Roman Epic
96
Imperial/ruler cult
-
97
Praetorian guard
-
98
Great fire of Rome
-
99
Golden House
- Golden House of Nero
- "Domus Aurea"
- Contructed right after the great fire of 64 BC
100
Year of the Four Emperors
- Galba (AD 68-69)
- Otho (AD 69)
- Vitellius (AD 69)
- Vespasianus
101
Colosseum
-
102
Eruption of Mt. Vesuvius
-
103
Tetrarchy
-Rule of four men
104
Historia Augusta
- Means "The Augustan History"
- Collection of Roman emperor bios that continues Suetonius
- Written by one author, likely at the end of the 4th century AD/beginning of the 5th century AD
- Manuscript records six different authors writing over two distinct periods
- lots of clearly false info
- mostly invented lives of co-rulers and usurpers
- Fake documents included: at least 130 of them
- good source for literary tastes, ideals of Roman elite
- many of the major biographies are based on another set of lives
- Author used reliable historians for certain parts of the work
105
Capitoline Games
-
106
5 Good Emperors
-
107
Auction of the Empire
-
108
Year of the Five Emperors
- 193 AD
- Pertinax
- Didius Julianus
- Pescennius Niger
- Clodius Albinus
- Septimius Severus
