Manufacturing Tablets Lecture Flashcards
Compression methods
Wet granulation
Dry granulation
Direct compression
Granulation
Small particles are converted into larger aggregates
- Cannot compress directly to tablets
- Lack bind or bonding characteristics
- No lubricating or disintegrating properties
Wet granulation
Mixed with liquid binding solution in a container equipped with stirring mechanisms
- Good distrubution and uniform content
Bulky and dusty powders
Steps of wet granulation
Grind > Blend > Sieve > Add binding liquid > Blend > Sieve > Dry > Sieve > Blend > Add lubricants and disintegrants > compress > pellet > dedust > pack
Fluid bed granulator
Entire process completed in a continuous fluid bed using a single piece of equipment
- Reduce handling time
Microwave vacuum processing in automation
Allows powders to be mixed, wetted, agglomerated and dried in a single piece of equipment
- Reduce drying time by 1/4
Dry granulation
Powder mixture is compacted in large pieces and subsequently broken down or sized into granules
- Active ingredient or diluent must have cohesive properties
- Degrade in moisture or elevated temperatures required
- Slugging and roller compaction
Slugging for dry granulations
Powder to large flat tablets
Slugs are broken up and passed through mesh
Lube is added and then compressed
Roller Compaction
Powder to brittle ribbons
Ribbons are broken, sized and lubricated
Steps of dry granulation
Grind > Blend > Add adjuvant > Compaction > Pellet > Crushing > Screen > Blend > Add lube > compress > Dedust > pack
Direct Compression
Used for drugs that possess free flowing and cohesive properties
Without the need of any granulation
MUST have good flow properties
Direct compression steps
Sieve > Blend > Compression > Pellet > Dedust > pack
Tablet compression
A process of compressing granules or paticulate solid in a die by application of forcing by two punches
Steps in compression
Lower punches fall within the die, leaving cavity for material to flow due to gravity
Upper punch descends and the punch tip enters the die, confining the particles, compression and aggregation occurs
Upper punch withdraws from the dies and lower punch rises until its tip is level l with top and the tablet is ejected and removed
Tablet press
Single stroke or rotatory
One die and two punches
