Manipulation of the Immune System Flashcards
Active Immunity
Artificial antigens administered to elicit controlled immune response
Active immunity mediators, advantages, disadvantages
antibody and T cells
long duration
slow onset
passive immunity
Antibody transferred from immune individual to nonimmune individual
passive immunity advantages and disadvantages
immediate availability (don't have to wait for our immune system to produce antibodies) short duration (months) no memory formed (no memory cells are formed)
Live attenuated vaccines
Weakened form of virus Antigens stimulate immune response Must be refrigerated Possible to become virulent again if mutates in host (rare) Not for immune compromised or pregnancy
live vaccine examples
measles, mumps, varicella, influenza intranasal, rotavirus, and yellow fever
inactivated vaccine
Pathogens killed to inactivate them – can isolate antigenic material
Freeze-dried, don’t require refrigeration
Induce weaker immune response
Need multiple doses to sustain immunity
inactivated vaccine example
poliovirus, hepatitis A, Japanese encephalitis
subunit vaccine
Use component of the pathogen as vaccine antigen to mimic exposure
Weaker immune response than live attenuated
Recombinant subunit vaccine
antigens manufactured via recombinant DNA technology
Polysaccharide subunit vaccine
utilize polysaccharide antigens (meningococcal, pneumococcal PPSV)
Surface protein subunit
utilize purified proteins from the pathogen
toxoids
inactivated or killed toxins used to elicit immune response resulting in antibodies that can neutralize toxins (Diphtheria)
Conjugate subunit vaccine
Technology binds polysaccharide from bacterial capsule to a carrier protein
This antigen combination induces long-term protection in infants and adults
Conjugate subunit vaccine examples
Hib, Pneumococcal (PCV), meningococcal
