Autoimmune Disease

Question 1

Area on the antigen that triggers a response

Answer 1

epitope

Question 2

Autoimmune disease

Answer 2

a trigger interferes with normal mechanisms protecting auto-antigens against an immunologic response causing tissue injury

Question 3

types of triggers

Answer 3

Exogenous
Endogenous
Molecular mimicry

Question 4

criteria

Answer 4

Autoantibodies
Self-reactive T lymphocytes
Imbalance between T and B cell pathogenic factors and regulatory factors that control immune response

Question 5

Etiologies of Autoimmune disease

Answer 5

Genetic susceptibility
Environmental immune stimulants
Infectious agents
Loss of T regulatory cells
Decreased clearance of apoptotic material
Antibodies that react with apoptotic material

Question 6

graves disease Environmental & genetic factors

Answer 6

stress, smoking, sudden increase in iodine intake, post partum

Question 7

graves disease Autoantibody stimulation

Answer 7

of TSH receptor

creates a thyroid stimulating antibody

Question 8

smokers and graves disease

Answer 8

major risk factor for opthalmopathy

Question 9

Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy

Answer 9

T cells active cytokine infiltration of extra ocular muscles

Question 10

Rheumatic fever

Answer 10

autoimmune reactions to an infection in group A strep
causes molecular mimicry
can cause cardiac valve damage, rheumatic heart disease

Question 11

molecular mimicry

Answer 11

immune response against streptococcal antigens also recognizes human tissues causing cross-reactive antibodies

Question 12

Rheumatic fever susceptibility

Answer 12

is inherited
Human leukocyte antigen class II alleles – some are associated with susceptibility and some are protective

Question 13

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 13

Autoantibody blocking/inactivation of the alpha-chain of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at neuromuscular junctions

Question 14

Myasthenia gravis thymus

Answer 14

Hyperplastic
Tumors (thymoma)
Muscle-like cells within the thymus with AChRs on their surface which may be a source of autoantigen

Question 15

Anti-AChR antibodies

Answer 15

Increases receptor turnover
Damage to postsynaptic muscle membrane by antibody and complement
Blockage of AChR active site that normally binds acetylcholine

Question 16

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as an autoimmune disease

Answer 16

type III reaction
Genetic susceptibility and environmental factors result in abnormal immune responses
Chronic inflammation leads to irreversible tissue damage (fibrosis/sclerosis of glomeruli, arteries, lungs, and other tissue)

Question 17

Systemic lupus erythematosus antibodies

Answer 17

anti-dsDNA and anti-Smith

Question 18

type I DM susceptibility

Answer 18

Genetic susceptibility certain genes that code for MHC class II molecules 
Environmental factors (perinatal, viruses, dietary)

Question 19

type I DM antibodies

Answer 19

insulin autoantibodies

islet cell autoantibodies

Question 20

type I DM T cell cytokine production and cellular cytotoxicity

Answer 20

destruction on pancreatic beta cells

Question 21

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 21

Environmental factors
Tobacco smoke exposure
Exposure to silicone dust and mineral oil
Autoantibodies  
Rheumatoid factor
anti-CCP antibodies
Pro-inflammatory cytokines

Question 22

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 22

Pro-inflammatory autoimmune response causing destruction of CNS myelin
Both T and B cell involvement