Autoimmune Disease Flashcards
Area on the antigen that triggers a response
epitope
Autoimmune disease
a trigger interferes with normal mechanisms protecting auto-antigens against an immunologic response causing tissue injury
types of triggers
Exogenous
Endogenous
Molecular mimicry
criteria
Autoantibodies
Self-reactive T lymphocytes
Imbalance between T and B cell pathogenic factors and regulatory factors that control immune response
Etiologies of Autoimmune disease
Genetic susceptibility
Environmental immune stimulants
Infectious agents
Loss of T regulatory cells
Decreased clearance of apoptotic material
Antibodies that react with apoptotic material
graves disease Environmental & genetic factors
stress, smoking, sudden increase in iodine intake, post partum
graves disease Autoantibody stimulation
of TSH receptor
creates a thyroid stimulating antibody
smokers and graves disease
major risk factor for opthalmopathy
Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy
T cells active cytokine infiltration of extra ocular muscles
Rheumatic fever
autoimmune reactions to an infection in group A strep
causes molecular mimicry
can cause cardiac valve damage, rheumatic heart disease
molecular mimicry
immune response against streptococcal antigens also recognizes human tissues causing cross-reactive antibodies
Rheumatic fever susceptibility
is inherited Human leukocyte antigen class II alleles – some are associated with susceptibility and some are protective
Myasthenia gravis
Autoantibody blocking/inactivation of the alpha-chain of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at neuromuscular junctions
Myasthenia gravis thymus
Hyperplastic
Tumors (thymoma)
Muscle-like cells within the thymus with AChRs on their surface which may be a source of autoantigen
Anti-AChR antibodies
Increases receptor turnover
Damage to postsynaptic muscle membrane by antibody and complement
Blockage of AChR active site that normally binds acetylcholine
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as an autoimmune disease
type III reaction
Genetic susceptibility and environmental factors result in abnormal immune responses
Chronic inflammation leads to irreversible tissue damage (fibrosis/sclerosis of glomeruli, arteries, lungs, and other tissue)
Systemic lupus erythematosus antibodies
anti-dsDNA and anti-Smith
type I DM susceptibility
Genetic susceptibility certain genes that code for MHC class II molecules Environmental factors (perinatal, viruses, dietary)
type I DM antibodies
insulin autoantibodies
islet cell autoantibodies
type I DM T cell cytokine production and cellular cytotoxicity
destruction on pancreatic beta cells
Rheumatoid arthritis
Environmental factors Tobacco smoke exposure Exposure to silicone dust and mineral oil Autoantibodies Rheumatoid factor anti-CCP antibodies Pro-inflammatory cytokines
Multiple sclerosis
Pro-inflammatory autoimmune response causing destruction of CNS myelin
Both T and B cell involvement
