Manifestations of GI disorders Flashcards
Define dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing
List some causes of dysphagia
- Pharyngitis
- Xerostomia or dry mouth
- Stroke
- Strictures due to Reflux Oesophagitis
- Oesophageal cancer
Describe the different types of dysphagia
Type 1: problems in delivery of food into oesophagus
Type 2: problems in transport of bolus down esophagus
Type 3: problems in blous entry into the stomach
Causes of type 1 dysphagia
neuromuscular incoordination/disorders
What type of dysphagia causes these clinical manifestations?
- may cough and expel ingested food
- aspirate when attempting to swallow
type 1
Causes of type 2 dysphagia
- achalasia (disorder of smooth muscle function)
- abnormal peristaltic activity
Causes of type 3 dysphagia
lower esophageal dysfunction or lesion obstruction (eg. LES obstructed)
What type of dysphagia shows this clinical manifestation:
tightness or pain in substernal area during swallowing process
type 3
Identify the types of abdominal pain:
- diffused, poorly localised, gnawing, burning or cramping from inflammation or distended abdominal organ (at internal organs)
- sharp, intense pain; well localised to area of irritation from injury
- felt at a location distant from source of pain; sharp and well localised, may be felt in skin or deeper tissues
- Visceral
- Somatic
- Referred
List some possible causes of abdominal pain
- acute appendicitis
- GERD
- IBS
- PUD
- cholecystitis
- liver cirrhosis
- acute pancreatitis
What is a primary sign of a GI disorder?
diarrhoea
What are causes of secretory diarrhoea?
Enterotoxins produced by Vibrio cholera and Staphylococcus aureus
Osmotically active solutes like Mgsulfate and carbohydrates can cause sodium and water influx into the bowel lumen. What does this cause?
Osmotic diarrhoea
Ulcerative Colitis & Crohn’s Disease can cause:
Exudative diarrhoea
Common causes of constipation?
- inadequate fiber in diet
- weak abdominal muscles
- lack of exercise
- pregnancy
- hemorrhoids
- failure to respond to the urge to defecate
