Colorectal cancers

Question 1

Colorectal cancers have mutations in the ______ pathway

Answer 1

WNT signaling

Question 2

The most commonly mutated gene is the ____.

And what is the role of the gene?

Answer 2

APC gene.

It prevents beta catenin accumulation and also it is also responsible for production of APC protein

Question 3

Risk factors

Answer 3

• age; family history
• Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis (eg. IRS)
• familial adenomatous polyposis (genetic condition)
• diet (fatty & sugary foods; processed meat)

Question 4

Nur management of pre colostomy

Answer 4

• low residue diet for 1-2 days before surgery

- bowel prep (laxatives & enemas as prescribed)

Question 5

Nur management of post colostomy

Answer 5

• monitor stoma size, unusual bleeding, colour changes or necrotic tissue
  (pale pink: low haemoglobin
  purple-black: compromised circulation)
• monitor pouch system for fit & sign of leakage
• assess functioning of colostomy
• empty pouch when 1/3 full
• avoid foods that cause excessive gas formation & odour (eg.fish)
• pt edu in stoma care
• psychosocial support