Mangrove Forests

Question 1

Ecological Features

Answer 1

Tropical Climate
halophytes - plants adapted to high salinity
low oxygen availability

Question 2

Importance

Answer 2

timber supplies
food source
coastal erosion and flooding protection
spawning ground and nursery for young tropical fish

Question 3

Threats

Answer 3

coastal development
aquaculture - fish farming
deforestation: timber/industry
pollution
climate change

Question 4

Conservation

Answer 4

designations
reforestation
community projects - educating children

Question 5

Conservation case study: Sindh Province, Pakistan

Answer 5

over 86% of mangrove cover lost

acts as a natural defence for local communities

threatened by storms, water pollution, deforestation for firewood, HEP

more than 80000 hectares have been reforested

funded by carbon credit sales - $100 million

Question 6

IUCN, location, threats

Conservation Case Study: Dugong

Answer 6

IUCN = vulnerable

East Africa

only fully marine mammal

habitat loss and degradation due to pollution, trawling and hunting

Question 7

IUCN. location, threats

Conservation Case Study: Sambar Deer

Answer 7

IUCN = vulnerable
South Asia
antlers are used for medicine
killed for meat