managing people 1.4 Flashcards
labour turnover
the number of staff leaving a company as a percentage of the number employed
outsourcing
delegation of a business process to an external provider
redeployment
retraining a staff member to give the skills required for a new job role
flexible working?
giving employees options in terms of duration, location and pattern of working
examples of flexible working
- part time
- home working
- job sharing
- multiskilling
- outsourcing
advantages of flexible working
- respond effectively to change and demand
- decrease costs
- better customer service
- attracts more applicants for the job
drawbacks to flexible working
- more complex to manage
- investment e.g. technology
- impact on motivation (isolation)
hot desk
temporary desk for when home workers come in
redundancy
when the job role is no longer needed so the person loses their job
subcontracting
another business used to supply some operations
trade union
- organisation where employees gain greater power and security at work (for working conditions)
job description
states roles and responsibilities
person specification
abilities, qualifications and qualities
advantages of internal recruitment
- quick and cheap
- avoids induction training costs
- familiar with candidate
disadvantages of internal recruitment
- creates vacancy elsewhere
- may not have the skills required
- no new ideas
advantages of external recruitment
- new ideas/experience
- wider range of candidates to choose from
disadvantages of external recruitment
- expensive and time consuming
- demotivates internal employees
methods of recruitment
- media
- job centres
- firms website
- executive search consultants
benefits of training
- increases skill and productivity of workforce
- can also increase flexibility
- motivated workforce
costs of training
- expensive
- productivity may drop in the process
- newly trained employees may leave
on the job training advantages
- tailored to companies methods of working
- saves time
span of control
the number of people directly managed by one person
chain of command
the route through which information travels through the organisation
centralisation features
- decisions made at the top
- less freedom for employees
decentralisation features
- decisions made closer to customers
- giving local managers more responsibility
- staff will feel motivated
advantages of a matrix structure
- teamwork rather than competition
- enriches the experience - learning from others
- speed is vital for competitive advantage
why is organisational structure important?
- poor communication - mistakes
- tasks being overlooked
- departments failing to work together
delayering
removing a management layer from the organisational structure
what is the matrix structure?
staff work in project teams
Taylor’s theory?
- money is the key to motivation
- staff as cost
- broke down tasks (division of labour) for specialisation - efficiency and high productivity (piece rate)
Mayo’s theory?
- gave workers control over the working environment conditions
- greater communication between employees and the managers
Maslow’s theory?
- hierarchy of needs starting off with physical and safety needs and ending with challenging tasks
- once you fulfil one level you move onto the next
Herzberg’s two factor theory?
- factors affecting job satisfaction and dissatisfaction
- motivators e.g. achievement + responsibility
- hygiene factors (dissatisfaction) over supervision and poor working conditions
piecework?
- payment dependent on output produced
commission?
- sales targets met = bonus pay
empowerment?
modern term for delegation - worker gets to decide what the task will be
delegation
passing down of authority - motivating the junior employee
consultation
asking for the views of the staff you manage before making a decision
team working
maximise staff satisfaction
kaizen (continuous improvement)
flexitime
giving staff flexibility over their arrival and leaving as long as their minimum number of hours are reached
job enlargement
- increases the scope of a job e.g.
- job rotation
- job enrichment
quality circles
discussion groups for finding a solution to an operational problem
remuneration
all the financial rewards received by an employee
autocratic managers
tell employees what to do
do not want feedback
democratic managers
involve and listen to workers thoughts for a decision
often through delegation
factors affecting leadership style
personality
time constraint
skills of workforce and job
