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Principles of Management > Managing & Motivating Employees > Flashcards

Managing & Motivating Employees Flashcards

1
Q

Matt is one of those consistently upbeat, optimistic people. He always looks on the bright side of things and sees the glass as half-full rather than half-empty. These characteristics describe Matt’s _____.

a. perception
b. personality
c. locus of control
d. ethnocentrism

A

b. personality

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2
Q

Match the dimension with it’s description

Extroversion
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Emotional stability
Openness to experience

A

Extroversion - outgoing, sociable, and assertive
Agreeableness - trusting, cooperative, and good-natured
Conscientiousness - dependable, reliable, and responsible
Emotional stability - relaxed, secure, and unworried
Openness to experience - imaginative, curious, and broad-minded

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3
Q

Self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability are traits that make up an individual’s ______.

a. proactive personality
b. core self-evaluation
c. fundamental attribution bias
d. Type A behavior pattern

A

b. core self-evaluation

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4
Q

The “can do” aspect of our personality can best be described as ______.

a. self-esteem
b. learned helplessness
c. extroversion
d. self-efficacy

A

d. self-efficacy

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5
Q

What is the term for the way individuals perceive their ability to perform across a variety of different situations?

a. organizational citizenship
b. specialized self-efficacy
c. job satisfaction
d. generalized self-efficacy

A

d. generalized self-efficacy

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6
Q

Personality is defined as the

a. general attitudes a person has toward basic elements of his/her job.
b. degree to which a person believes they are in control of the things that occur in life.
c. stable psychological traits and behavioral attributes that give a person his/her identity.

A

c. stable psychological traits and behavioral attributes that give a person his/her identity.

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7
Q

The debilitating lack of faith in your ability to control your environment is referred to as ______.

a. relationship management
b. cognitive dissonance
c. self-efficacy
d. learned helplessness

A

d. learned helplessness

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8
Q

The personality dimensions of extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experience are referred to as _____.

a. elements of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
b. the Big Five personality dimensions
c. external dimensions of diversity
d. a Type A behavior pattern

A

b. the Big Five personality dimensions

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9
Q

Self- _______ is defined as the extent to which people like or dislike themselves, or their overall self-evaluation.

a. esteem
b. efficacy
c. awareness

A

a. esteem

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10
Q

Select all that apply.

Which traits are elements of an individual’s core self-evaluation?

a. openness to experience
b. emotional stability
c. locus of control
d. self-efficacy
e. self-esteem

A

emotional stability, locus of control, self-efficacy, and self-esteem

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11
Q

The ability to monitor your own feelings and those of others and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions is referred to as _____.

a. emotional intelligence
b. openness to experience
c. learned helplessness
d. emotional stability

A

a. emotional intelligence

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12
Q

Even though she had never instructed anyone on how to use the new software, Millicent accepted the responsibility of instructing Sherri because she knew she was capable of doing the job. Which aspect of a core self-evaluation does Millicent’s belief represent?

a. locus of control
b. self-efficacy
c. self-esteem
d. emotional stability

A

b. self-efficacy

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13
Q

Select all that apply.

People with high rates of self-efficacy, including generalized self-efficacy, tend to have what characteristics?

a. higher rates of motivation
b. high job performance
c. poor academic performance
d. high rates of burnout

A

higher rates of motivation and high job performance

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14
Q

Definition pairing

a. self-awareness
b. self-management
c. social awareness
d. relationship management

A

a. self-awareness: The ability to read your own emotions and gauge your moods accurately.
b. self-management: The ability to control your emotions and act with honesty and integrity.
c. social awareness: The ability to show others that you care and your understanding of how your emotions and actions affect others.
d. relationship management: The ability to communicate clearly, disarm conflicts and build strong personal bonds.

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15
Q

Learned helplessness is associated with which facet of a core self-evaluation?

a. emotional stability
b. self-efficacy
c. locus of control
d. self-esteem

A

b. self-efficacy

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16
Q

The extent to which you like or dislike yourself is known as your _______.

a. self-esteem
b. self-awareness
c. self-efficacy

A

a. self-esteem

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17
Q

Self-_____ is the ability to read your own emotions and accurately assess your moods so that you know how you are affecting others.

a. awareness
b. management
c. concept
d. regulation

A

a. awareness

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18
Q

Select all that apply.

Emotional intelligence reflects the ability to:

a. carry out accurate reasoning about emotions
b. believe that you can accomplish most things in your job successfully
c. use emotions and emotional knowledge to enhance thought
d. monitor your and others’ feelings and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions

A

a, c, d

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19
Q

Organizational behavior is a field of study that explains and ______ behavior.

A

predicts

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20
Q

The belief in one’s ability to complete a task is called __.

A

self-efficacy

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21
Q

According to psychologist Daniel Goleman, what is the most essential trait of emotional intelligence?

A

self-awareness

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22
Q

Values:

A

are abstract ideals that guide one’s thinking and behavior across all situations

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23
Q

The debilitating lack of faith in your ability to control your environment is referred to as ______.

A

learned helplessness

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24
Q

A learned predisposition toward a given object is known as a(n) _________.

A

attitude

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25
Q

Jordan realized that his bad mood was causing other people in his work group to feel negatively about the project. Which aspect of emotional intelligence is Jordan displaying?

A

Self-awareness

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26
Q

What interdisciplinary field is dedicated to understanding and management of people at work?

A

Organizational behavior

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27
Q

Even though she had never instructed anyone on how to use the new software, Millicent accepted the responsibility of instructing Sherri because she knew she was capable of doing the job. Which aspect of a core self-evaluation does Millicent’s belief represent?

A

self-efficacy

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28
Q

Select all that apply

Behavior is defined as the combination of which two elements?

A

actions and judgments

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29
Q

Abstract ideals that guide a person’s thinking and behavior in all situations are called ______.

A

values

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30
Q

Place the steps in the perceptual process in the correct order, with the first step listed at the top and the last step listed at the bottom.

A
  1. Selective attention
  2. Interpretation & evaluation
  3. Storing in memory
  4. Retrieving from memory to make judgments & decisions
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31
Q

A learned predisposition toward a given object is a(n) __.

A

attitude

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32
Q

The tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics you believe are typical of the group to which that individual belongs is known as _____.

A

stereotyping

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33
Q

Self-_____ is the ability to read your own emotions and accurately assess your moods so that you know how you are affecting others.

A

awareness

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34
Q

What is the term for the attitudes or beliefs that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner?

A

implicit bias

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35
Q

People’s values and attitudes affect their workplace _____, which includes their actions and judgments.

A

behavior

36
Q

The halo effect exists when we

A

form an impression of an individual based on a single trait

37
Q

The process of interpreting and understanding one’s environment is called ______.

A

perception

38
Q

The _____ effect is the tendency to remember recent information better than earlier information.

A

recency

39
Q

Stereotyping is defined as the

A

tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics one believes are typical of the group to which that individual belongs.

40
Q

Causal attribution is the act of

A

inferring causes for observed behavior

41
Q

In the fundamental attribution bias, a person attributes the behavior of another person to _____.

A

personal characteristics

42
Q

Implicit bias is characterized by the

A

attitudes and beliefs that we unconsciously hold about groups of people

43
Q

The self-fulfilling prophecy is also known as the ______________ effect.

A

Pygmalion

44
Q

Forming a positive impression of an individual based on a single trait is called _____.

A

the halo effect

45
Q

_____ is defined as an individual’s involvement, satisfaction, and enthusiasm for work.

A

employee engagement

46
Q

The recency effect is defined as the tendency to

A

remember recent information better than earlier information

47
Q

The extent to which you feel positive or negative about the various aspects of your work is called job ______.

A

satisfaction

48
Q

The activity of inferring causes for observed behavior is known as causal _______.

A

attribution

49
Q

The ____________ bias is characterized by the tendency to attribute another person’s behavior to their personal characteristics rather than to situational factors.

A

fundamental attribution

50
Q

Select all that apply

Which groups are often incorrectly perceived as having low organizational commitment?

A

Mothers and pregnant women

51
Q

_____ occurs when people’s expectations of themselves lead them to behave in ways that make those expectations come true.

A

self-fulfilling prophecy

52
Q

Why is it important to manage employees as individuals who have different personalities and circumstances?

A

to influence the way employees behave

53
Q

Employee engagement is defined as

A

a mental state in which a person performing a work activity is fully immersed in the activity, feeling full of energy and enthusiasm for the work

54
Q

Select all that apply

People who feel greater job satisfaction are also likely to experience greater ______.

A

life satisfaction, commitment to the organization, and motivation

55
Q

According to the Pew Research Center, which statement is accurate regarding predicted trends in the United States during the next few decades?

A

More women will continue to be hired for top leadership jobs

56
Q

_____ represents all the ways people are unlike and alike - the differences and similarities in age, gender, race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, capabilities, and socioeconomic background.

A

diversity

57
Q

What is organizational commitment?

A

the extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals

58
Q

Which statement about older workers is true?

A

older workers are staying in the workforce longer

59
Q

Select all that apply

What are the types of employee behavior that managers can influence?

A

organizational citizenship behavior

performance and productivity

counterproductive work behaviors

turnover and absenteeism

60
Q

The ______ ceiling is a metaphor for an invisible barrier preventing women and minorities from being promoted to top executive jobs.

A

glass

61
Q

_____ is defined as an individual’s involvement, satisfaction, and enthusiasm for work.

A

employee engagement

62
Q

What legislation prohibits discrimination against the disabled and requires organizations to provide reasonable accommodation for an individual’s disabilities?

A

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

63
Q

Which assumption about the U.S. workforce is true?

A

Young college graduates are earning less than they used to

64
Q

True or False

Someone who is ethnocentric believes that his or her native country, culture, language, abilities, or behavior is inferior to those of another culture.

A

False

65
Q

True or False

The term “diversity” is synonymous with differences.

A

False

66
Q

What term describes retired workers’ choice to return to the workforce?

A

Unretirement

67
Q

Select all that apply

What are reasons for the pay gap between women and men?

A

Discrimination against women

Women’s care for children and family members

68
Q

An organization’s ______ climate is the employees’ aggregate “perceptions about the organization’s diversity-related formal structure characteristics and informal values.”

A

diversity

69
Q

The Americans with Disabilities Act requires organizations to provide a reasonable _____ for individuals with disabilities in the workplace.

A

accommodation

70
Q

_____ is the belief that one’s native country, culture, language, abilities, and/or behavior are superior to those of another culture.

A

Ethnocentrism

71
Q

Stress is the feeling of tension and pressure; the source of that stress is known as a(n) _____.

A

stressor

72
Q

Select all that apply

What tend to happen in a positive diversity climate?

A

Employees are loyal to the organization

The organization performs well

Employees have a sense of psychological safety

73
Q

When an individual reaches a state of emotional, mental, or even physical exhaustion, it is called _____.

A

burnout

74
Q

Match the type of stressor with its description.

a. hassles
b. crises
c. strong stressors
d. distress
e. eustress

A

a. hassles - simple irritants, such as misplacing things or being overworked
b. crises - sudden occasions of terror, such as a tornado or fire
c. strong stressors - situations that can dramatically strain a person’s ability to adapt, such as frequent migraine headaches
d. distress anxiety - negative stress that can cause anxiety and illness
e. eustress - positive stress that can stimulate better coping and adaptation

75
Q

Select all that apply

Which of the following are characteristics of a Type A behavior pattern?

A

Deadline-focused

Hurried

Competitive

76
Q

_________ is the tension people feel when they are facing or enduring extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities and are uncertain about their ability to handle them effectively.

A

stress

77
Q

Select all that apply

What are examples of emotional labor on the job?

A

Smiling at customers when they walk in the door

Acting cheerful while taking a customer’s order

78
Q

When the demands or pressures from work and family domains are mutually incompatible, a person is experiencing ______-life conflict.

A

work

79
Q

Select all that apply

Which of the following are common ways that employees express burnout?

A

Taking longer lunch breaks

Missed deadlines

Showing indifference to performance

80
Q

Administrative changes that managers can make to reduce the stressors that lead to employee burnout are called _____.

A

buffers

81
Q

Simple irritants, such as misplacing your keys or a phone number, are referred to as ______.

A

hassles

82
Q

People who are involved in a chronic, determined struggle to accomplish more in less time have a Type _____ behavior pattern.

A

A

83
Q

True or False

High-level jobs are often less stressful than low-level jobs because people with low-level jobs have less control over their lives.

A

True

84
Q

Select all that apply

What are examples of work-life conflict?

A

Missing an afternoon at work because you had to pick up your sick child from school

Skipping your son’s soccer game to attend a work meeting

85
Q

Managers can use ________ to help reduce employees’ work stress and improve their well-being.

A

buffers

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