Managerial Functions Flashcards
Peter Drucker is credited with providing the first modern handbook on the subject of ______.
a. sales
b. production
c. finance
d. management
d. management
Two overarching perspectives about management are the ________ perspectives.
a. systems and contingency
b. quantitative and qualitative
c. classical and behavioral
d. historical and contemporary
d. historical and contemporary
Complete the following sentence with all the true statements about the classical perspective of management. The classical perspective of management
a. focused on employee job satisfaction and engagement
b. had two branches - scientific and administrative
c. assumed that people were rational
d. emphasized finding ways to manage work more efficiently
b, c, and d
The scientific approach to management emerged in the early 20th century when companies wished to increase worker productivity to counteract _____.
a. more automated jobs
b. labor shortages
c. diminishing inventory levels
d. high inflation rates
b. labor shortages
True or false: Frederick Taylor is associated with the scientific management approach to management.
True
Which of these statements represent ideas that Peter Drucker introduced in his book The Practice of Management? (Select all that apply.)
a. Workers should be treated as assets
b. Production costs are a component of sales
c. Without customers, businesses wouldn’t exist
d. Charismatic leaders are more important than management practices
e. A corporation can be thought of as a human community
a - Workers should be treated as assets
c - Without customers, businesses wouldn’t exist
e -A corporation can be thought of as a human comunity
Which of these statements represent ideas that Peter Drucker introduced in his book The Practice of Management? (Select all that apply.)
a. Workers should be treated as assets
b. Production costs are a component of sales
c. Without customers, businesses wouldn’t exist
d. Charismatic leaders are more important than management practices
e. A corporation can be thought of as a human community
`Select the two overarching perspectives about management.
a. Behavioral
b. Contemporary
c. Classical
d. Historical
e. Quantitative
b - Contemporary
d - Historical
What are the two branches of the classical viewpoint of management?
a. administrative
b. contingency
c. scientific
d. behavioral
Which of these are Taylor’s principles of scientific management? (Select all that apply.)
a. Carefully select workers with the right abilities for the task
b. Rely on known “rule-of-thumb” methods to accomplish a task
c. Give workers the training and incentives to do the task with the proper work methods
d. Identify a hierarchy of authority
e. Evaluate a task by scientifically studying each part of it
f. Use scientific principles to plan the work methods and ease the way for their workers to do their jobs
a. Carefully select workers with the right abilities for the task
c. Give workers the training and incentives to do the task with the proper work methods
e. Evaluate a task by scientifically studying each part of it
f. Use scientific principles to plan the work methods and ease the way for their workers to do their jobs
Peter Drucker is credited with providing the first modern handbook on the subject of ______.
a. sales
b. management
c. production
d. finance
b - management
Frederick Taylor believed that more efficient workers should be paid higher wages than their lower-performing coworkers, a system referred to as the _______ system.
a. differential rate
b. rule-of-thumb
c. uniform wage
d. economies of scale
a - differential rate system
Two overarching perspectives about management are the ________ perspectives.
a. classical and behavioral
b. historical and contemporary
c. quantitative and qualitative
d. systems and contingency
b - historical and contemporary
Which three individuals helped pioneer administrative management theory? (Select 3 options.)
a. Taylor
b. Weber
c. Gilbreth
d. Spaulding
e. Fayol
Weber, Spaulding, and Fayol
What are the two branches of the classical viewpoint of management?
a. contingency
b. administrative
c. behavioral
d. scientific
scientific and administrative
The scientific approach to management emerged in the early 20th century when companies wished to increase worker productivity to counteract _____.
a. labor shortages
b. high inflation rates
c. diminishing inventory levels
d. more automated jobs
labor shortages
True or false: Frederick Taylor is associated with the scientific management approach to management.
True
The management approach of _____ was one of the first to recognize that enriching the lives of organizational and community family was just as important as a company making a profit.
a. Taylor
b. Gilbreth
c. Maslow
d. Spaulding
Spaulding
The third and fourth principles of _____ suggest that organizations should give workers the training and incentives to do their tasks properly, and should use scientific principles to plan work methods and ease the way for workers to do their jobs.
a. scientific management
b. administrative management
c. the historical perspective
d. enhanced productivity
scientific management
Henri Fayol is credited with being the first person to _____ management behavior.
a. discourage
b. investigate
c. replace
d. systematize
systematize
Administrative management is concerned with managing ________.
a. individual workers
b. external vendors
c. company assets
d. the total organization
the total organization
The classical viewpoint of management emphasizes ways to _____.
a. foster first-mover advantage
b. enhance employee relations
c. manage work more efficiently
d. achieve economies of scale
manage work more efficiently
Select all the positive features of bureaucracy according to Max Weber.
a. merit-based careers
b. procedural ambiguity
c. strong personal connections
d. specialists for complex tasks
e. impersonality
f. formal rules and procedures
g. a well-defined hierarchy
a, d, e, f and g
Scientific management is the study of work methods to improve the productivity of _____.
a. accounting practices
b. individual workers
c. external vendors
d. the supply chain
individual workers
Issues with the classical viewpoint include that it: (select all that apply)
a. fails to account for the importance of human needs
b. is especially behavioral
c. is too difficult to use and has fallen out of favor in modern times
d. is overly mechanistic
e. views humans as cogs in a machine
a, d, and e
Charles Clinton Spaulding, one of the pioneering theorists of administrative management, proposed eight _____ of management based in part on his childhood experiences working at his father’s fields.
a. foundations
b. fundamentals
c. considerations
d. necessities
necessities
Charles Clinton Spaulding, one of the pioneering theorists of administrative management, proposed eight _____ of management based in part on his childhood experiences working at his father’s fields.
a. administrative hierarchies that allowed for maximum worker control
b. processes that would make work as efficient as possible
c. impersonality in relationships between workers
d. the importance of understanding human behavior and motivating employees to achieve
The behavioral management viewpoint emphasized
a. administrative hierarchies that allowed for maximum worker control
b. processes that would work as efficient as possible
c. impersonality in relationships between workers
d. the importance of understanding human behavior and motivating employees to achieve
d - the importance of understanding human behavior and motivating employees to achieve
According to Henri Fayol, the major functions of management are:
a. controlling
b. supervising
c. leading
d. organizing
e. responding
f. planning
a, c, d, and f
The field of industrial ______ (the study of human behavior in the workplace) is based on Hugo Munsterberg’s theories.
a. psychology
b. physiology
c. kinesiology
d. biology
a - psychology
When Mary Parker Follett referred to the use of “communities” within an organization, she meant that
a. employees should produce at a maximum rate in order to grow the community
b. companies should take into consideration the community in which they operate when making environmental choices
c. managers and subordinates should work together to solve issues
d. managers should retain authority over subordinates
c - managers and subordinates should work together to solve issues
Max Weber said that a better-performing organization should have five positive _____ features including a clear hierarchy, formal procedures, clear division of labor, impersonality, and merit-based careers.
a. managerial
b. corporate
c. bureaucratic
d. efficiency
c - bureaucratic
Mary Parker Follett’s ideas anticipated which modern management concepts? (Select all that apply.)
a. worker empowerment
b. total quality management
c. self-managed teams
d. interdepartmental teams
e. hierarchical authority
worker empowerment, self-managed teams, and interdepartmental teams
One issue with the classical viewpoint is that it tends to view humans as cogs in a machine, thereby rendering it overly _____.
a. compassionate
b. sociological
c. mechanistic
d. amenable
mechanistic
The ___ viewpoint places emphasis on the importance of understanding the actions of humans and the motivation and encouragement of employees toward achievement.
a. quantitative
b. behavioral
c. classical
d. systems
behavioral
According to the Hawthorne effect hypothesized by Mayo and colleagues, employees worked harder if they:
a. were given authority over their tasks
b. thought managers cared about their welfare
c. worked under proper lighting levels
d. believed supervisors paid special attention to them
e. received added attention
thought managers cared about their welfare, believed supervisors paid special attention to them, and received added attention
Who is known as the “father of industrial psychology” because of his revolutionary ideas on studying human behavior in workplaces?
a. Frank Gilbreth
b. Frederick W. Taylor
c. Hugo Munsterberg
d. Henri Fayol
Hugo Munsterberg
Identify the two theorists who contributed the most to the human relations movement.
a. Follett
b. McGregor
c. Mayo
d. Maslow
Maslow and McGregor
In order to follow Mary Parker Follett’s concept of integration, a company should
a. hold meetings between managers and workers to solve problems in a mutually beneficial way
b. study the individual talents of workers to find the best person suited to do the job
c. reduce costs and eliminate unnecessary labor by grouping efficiencies within the company together
d. provide a clear division of labor to support individual management decisions
a - hold meetings between managers and workers to solve problems in a mutually beneficial way
Mary Parker Follett would agree with today’s concept of _____.
a. sustainability
b. self-managed teams
c. right-to-work
d. offshoring
self-managed teams
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs resulted from the study of ______.
a. what motivates people to perform
b. what time of day people work best
c. the way people organize their work
d. how people work in groups
what motivates people to perform
Theory X and Theory Y focus on managers’
a. attitudes
b. logic
c. education
d. wealth
attitudes
The original focus of the Hawthorne studies was the ______.
a. effects of lighting levels on worker productivity
b. relationship between wage levels and employee performance
c. relationship between increased attention and worker performance
d. effects of rest periods on worker productivity
effects of lighting levels on worker productivity
A supervisor who considers employees to be irresponsible and resistant to change would be characterized as a Theory _______ manager.
a. X
b. Y
c. Z
Theory X
Maslow and McGregor focused on the study of ______ as it relates to increasing worker productivity.
a. mathematics
b. physical movement
c. human relations
d. communities
human relations
If you believe your employees are capable of taking on responsibility with sufficient self-direction and self-control, you are a Theory ___ manager.
a. Z
b. X
c. Y
Theory Y
What is the major contribution of McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y to management?
a. Organizations should be structured to improve efficiency
b. Managers should understand how their beliefs affect their behavior
c. Worker’s physical movements should be considered when assigning tasks
d. Members of different departments should work together on projects
b - Managers should understand how their beliefs affect their behavior
Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs proposes that people are motivated by which of the following needs? (Select all that apply.)
a. Joy
b. Safety
c. Physiological
d. Faith
e. Self-actualization
f. Esteem
g. Love
safety, physiological, self-actualization, esteem, love
Which of the four disciplines are included in the behavioral science approach to management? (Choose all that apply.)
a. Psychology
b. Accounting
c. Physics
d. Sociology
e. Anthropology
f. Economics
psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics
McGregor developed Theory X and Theory Y based on the realization that managers should _____.
a. resolve conflicts by talking over differences with employees
b. work hard to be liked by their employees
c. study the individual movements of a job
d. be aware of their attitudes toward employees
be aware of their attitudes toward employees
What are the two branches of quantitative management?
a. operations management
b. behavioral science
c. administrative management
d. management science
operations management and management science
Theory X managers view workers as
a. lacking ambition
b. self-directed
c. imaginative
d. creative
lacking ambition
Management science is sometimes known as _____.
a. operations research
b. administrative management
c. fact-based management
d. the classical viewpoint
operations research
Theory Y managers view workers as: (select all that apply)
a. accepting of responsibility
b. lacking ambition
c. imaginative and creative
d. self-directed
e. resistant to change
accepting of responsibility, imaginative & creative, and self-directed
Operations management focuses on _____.
a. scientific research for developing theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers
b. using mathematics to aid in problem-solving and decision-making
c. the study of human behavior in workplaces
d. managing the production and delivery of an organization’s products or services more effectively
d - managing the production and delivery of an organization’s products or services more effectively
Theory X and Theory Y underscore the idea that manager behaviors are impacted by their _____.
a. benefits
b. salaries
c. perks
d. beliefs
beliefs
The _____ perspective on management consists of the systems, contingency, and quality-management viewpoints.
a. contemporary
b. behavioral
c. classical
d. historical
contemporary management perspectives
Which approach to management relies upon research in psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics in order to develop theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers?
a. industrial psychology
b. behavioral science
c. management science
d. the contingency viewpoint
behavioral science
A set of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose is called a(n) _____.
a. system
b. team
c. operation
d. contingency
system
The application of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations, to management is called _____ management.
a. qualitative
b. scientific
c. quantitative
d. data
quantitative management
By adopting the systems viewpoint, you can visualize your organization as a: (select all that apply)
a. separate and independent entity
b. part of the larger environment
c. collection of subsystems
d. university
collection of subsystems and part of the larger environment
Management science is important because it
a. advocates the use of rational, science-based techniques and mathematical models to improve decision making and strategic planning
b. forces managers to be increasingly aware of their attitudes toward their employees
c. emphasizes the importance of understanding human behavior and motivating employees toward achievement
a - advocates the use of rational, science-based techniques and mathematical models to improve decision making and strategic planning
Based on a systems viewpoint, the health science, finance, and journalism departments of a university are examples of ______.
a. subsystems
b. outputs
c. organizations
d. inputs
subsystems
Operations management: (select all that apply)
a. plays an important role in managing the supply chain
b. governs managers’ decisions about how to increase productivity and efficiency
c. assist managers with decisions regarding how to achieve the highest quality goods and services
d. fails to account for inventory management considerations
a - plays an important role in managing the supply chain
b - governs managers’ decisions about how to increase productivity and efficiency
c - assist managers with decisions regarding how to achieve the highest quality goods and services
What are the three viewpoints of the contemporary perspective of management?
a. contingency
b. quality-management
c. quantitative
d. systems
e. behavioral
systems, contingency, and quality-management
Inputs, transformational processes, outputs, and feedback are the four parts of a(n) _____.
a. unit
b. hierarchy
c. organization
d. system
system
