Managers as Leaders

Question 1

Define: Leader

Answer 1

Someone who can influence others and who has managerial authority

Question 2

Define: Leadership

Answer 2

What leaders do; the process of influencing a group to achieve goals

Question 3

Traits associated with leadership

Answer 3

Drive
Desire to lead
Honesty and integrity
Self-confidence
Intelligence
Job-relevant knowledge
Extraversion.

Question 4

University of Iowa Studies (Kurt Lewin)

Answer 4

Identified three leadership styles:

Autocratic style: centralized authority, low participation

Democratic style: involvement, high participation, feedback

Laissez faire style: hands-off management

Question 5

Ohio State Studies

Answer 5

Identified two dimensions of leader behavior:

Initiating structure: the role of the leader in defining his or her role and the roles of group members.

Consideration: the leader’s mutual trust and respect for group members’ ideas and feelings.

Question 6

University of Michigan studies

Answer 6

Identified two dimensions of leader behavior:

Employee oriented: emphasizing personal relationships

Production oriented: emphasizing task accomplishment

Question 7

Define: Managerial Grid

Answer 7

Appraises leadership styles using two dimensions:

Concern for people

Concern for production

Question 8

Five categories of managerial styles

Answer 8

Impoverished management
Task management
Middle-of-the-road management
Country club management
Team management

Question 9

Fiedler Model

Answer 9

Proposes that effective group performance depends upon the proper match between the leader’s style of interacting with followers and the degree to which the situation allows the leader to control and influence.

• High score
• Relationship oriented

Low Score
-Task oriented

Question 10

Situational Factors in matching leader to the situation

Answer 10

Leader-member relations
-Confidence, trust, and respect employees had for their leader

Task structure
-Which job assignments were formalized and structured

Position power
-Influence a leader had over activities such as hiring, firing, promotions etc.

Question 11

Hersey and Blanchard Situational Leadership theory

Answer 11

Leaderships effectiveness is contingent upon followers acceptance and readiness

Question 12

Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Theory - Four specific leadership dimensions

Answer 12

Telling: high task-low relationship leadership

Selling: high task-high relationship leadership

Participating: low task-high relationship leadership

Delegating: low task-low relationship

Question 13

Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Theory - Four stages of follower readiness

Answer 13

R1: followers are unable and unwilling

R2: followers are unable but willing

R3: followers are able but unwilling

R4: followers are able and willing

Question 14

Path-Goal Model

Answer 14

States that the leader’s job is to assist his or her followers in attaining their goals and to provide direction or support to ensure their goals are compatible with organizational goals.

Question 15

Path-Goal Model- Types of leadership styles

Answer 15

Directive leader
Supportive leader
Participative leader
Achievement oriented leader

Question 16

Define: Transactional Leadership

Answer 16

Leaders who guide or motivate their followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements

Question 17

Transformational Leadership

Answer 17

Leaders who inspire followers to transcend their own self-interests for the good of the organization by clarifying role and task requirements

Question 18

Charismatic Leadership

Answer 18

An enthusiastic, self-confident leader whose personality and actions influence people to behave in certain ways.

Question 19

Define: Charismatic Leadership

Answer 19

An enthusiastic, self-confident leader whose personality and actions influence people to behave in certain ways.

Question 20

Define: Visionary Leadership

Answer 20

A leader who creates and articulates a realistic, credible, and attractive vision of the future that improves upon the present situation.

Question 21

Types of Power

Answer 21

Legitimate power
The power a leader has as a result of his or her position.

Coercive power
The power a leader has to punish or control.

Reward power
The power to give positive benefits or rewards.

Expert power
The influence a leader can exert as a result of his or her expertise, skills, or knowledge.

Referent power
The power of a leader that arise because of a person’s desirable resources or admired personal traits.