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Managemnt Of Ocular Infection Flashcards

1
Q

Action of aminoglycosides

A
  • interfere with ribosome function affecting protein synthesis
  • produce an abnormal codon
  • bacteriocidal
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2
Q

Medicinal forms of aminoglycosides

A
  • gentamicin
  • neomycin
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3
Q

Side effects of gentamicin

A
  • local sensitivity
  • blurred vision
  • eye irritation
  • burning sensation
  • stinging sensation
  • itching
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4
Q

cephalosporin mechanism

A
  • interfere with cell wall synthesis
  • bacteriocial
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5
Q

Medicinal forms of cephalosporin

A
  • cefuroxime
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6
Q

Cefuroxime cautions

A
  • complicated cataract surgery
  • reduced endothelial cell count
  • severe thyroid eye disease
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7
Q

Azithromycin treatment duration

A
  • to should stop at the end of 3 days course
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8
Q

Azithromycin side effects

A
  • eye discomfort
  • blurred vision

Uncommon
- eye allergy

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9
Q

What are quinolones

A
  • interferes with DNA gyrase to inhibit protein metabolism
  • bateriostatic
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10
Q

Medicinal forms

A

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Ofloaxcin

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11
Q

Ciprofloxacin indication of use

A
  • superficial bacterial eye infections
  • severe superficial eye infections
  • corneal ulcers
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12
Q

Entry level antibacterials

A
  • chloramphenicol
  • fusidic acid
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13
Q

Chloramphenicol mechanism and medicinal forms and dose

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis

Forms
- generic 0.5% drops PoM
- generic 1% ointment PoM

Dose
- 0.5% - one drop every 2hrs for 48hrs, then every four hours during waking hours
- 1% eye ointment - qds for 2 days, bds for 5 days

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14
Q

Chloramphenicol Indications for use

A
  • bacterial conjunctivitis
  • hordeolum
  • staphylococcal and seborrheic blepharitis
  • marginal keratitis
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15
Q

Side effects of chloramphenicol

A
  • transient irritation
  • burning
  • stinging
  • itching
  • dermatitis
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16
Q

Fusidic acid mechanism

A
  • inhibition of protein synthesis by inhibiting DNA translocation
  • bacteriostatic
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17
Q

Medicinal form and dosage

A
  • fusidic acid 1% PoM
  • bds for 2 days
18
Q

Mechanism of topical antiprotazoal

A

Aromatic diamidine disinfectant with antibacterial, antiprotozoal and antifungal actions

19
Q

Medicinal forms

A
  • propamidine isethionate
  • dibrompropamidine
  • propramidine isethionate
20
Q

Action of antiviral drugs

A
  • block the virus replication by inhibiting DNA replication
  • drug blocks DNA transcription leading to DNA that is fragmented and no longer functional
  • block the action of of viral DNA/RNA polymerase enzymes
21
Q

Medicinal forms

A
  • aciclovir
  • ganciclovir
22
Q

Indications for amino-glycoside use

A
  • bacterial eye infections
  • typically not used as first line treatment
23
Q

Gentamicin cautions and contraindications

A

Cautions
- nephrotoxicity
- ototxicity

Contraindications
- allergy to aminoglycosides
- myasthenia gravis due to neuromuscular blocking effects
- pregnancy, can only be used in life threatening cases

24
Q

Which optoms can use gentamicin

25
Indications for cefuroxime use
- prophylaxis of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery
26
Mechanism of macroliddes
- inhibits translocation during protein synthesis - bacteriostatic
27
Macrolide example drugs
Azithromycin
28
Indications for azythromycin use
- chlamydia trachomatis treatment - bacterial conjunctivitis - most commonly used for blepharitis by ophthalmologists
29
Ofloxacin cautions
- below 1 yr old - anti arrhythmics - tricyclic antidepressants - macrolides - cardiac disease - elderly px - known allergy to drug
30
Ofloxacin side effects
- eye irritation and discomfort
31
Benefits of chloramphenicol
- broad spectrum - good penetration - little cross resistance - cost effective - can be used from 2+ yrs when supplied y entry level - PoM from 1 month
32
Which form of chloramphenicol is a P med
- optrex infected eyes - 0.5% - only suitable for use of acute bacterial conjunctivitis - only use in px over age 2 for a max of 5 days
33
Chloramphenicol cautions and contraindications
- risk of aplastic anaemia after topical chloramphenicol use very rare Contraindications - hypersensitivity to the drug - any blood dyscrasias
34
Indications of fuscidic acid
Staphylococcal eye infection’s
35
Fuscidic acid dose
- twice a day - treatment continued for at least 48 hrs
36
Fuscidic acid cautions and contraindications
Cautions - contact lens wearers - contains BAK Contraindications - hypersensitivity
37
Indications for topical antiviral use
Herpes simplex keratitis
38
Indications for ganciclovir use
- IP optoms to treat recurrent HSK - not recommended for use in children - use aciclovir in children - not effective against adenovirus
39
Cautions and contraindications of gancilovir
Cautions - swelling on instillation - avoid wearing contact lenses Contraindications - hypersensitivity - myelosuppression during previous exposure
40
Gancilovir undesirable effects
Common - SPK - stinging on instillation Rare - blepharitis

SCOT (17 decks)

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