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SCOT > Managemnt Of Ocular Infection > Flashcards

Managemnt Of Ocular Infection Flashcards

1
Q

Action of aminoglycosides

A
  • interfere with ribosome function affecting protein synthesis
  • produce an abnormal codon
  • bacteriocidal
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2
Q

Medicinal forms of aminoglycosides

A
  • gentamicin
  • neomycin
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3
Q

Side effects of gentamicin

A
  • local sensitivity
  • blurred vision
  • eye irritation
  • burning sensation
  • stinging sensation
  • itching
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4
Q

cephalosporin mechanism

A
  • interfere with cell wall synthesis
  • bacteriocial
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5
Q

Medicinal forms of cephalosporin

A
  • cefuroxime
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6
Q

Cefuroxime cautions

A
  • complicated cataract surgery
  • reduced endothelial cell count
  • severe thyroid eye disease
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7
Q

Azithromycin treatment duration

A
  • to should stop at the end of 3 days course
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8
Q

Azithromycin side effects

A
  • eye discomfort
  • blurred vision

Uncommon
- eye allergy

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9
Q

What are quinolones

A
  • interferes with DNA gyrase to inhibit protein metabolism
  • bateriostatic
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10
Q

Medicinal forms

A

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Ofloaxcin

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11
Q

Ciprofloxacin indication of use

A
  • superficial bacterial eye infections
  • severe superficial eye infections
  • corneal ulcers
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12
Q

Entry level antibacterials

A
  • chloramphenicol
  • fusidic acid
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13
Q

Chloramphenicol mechanism and medicinal forms and dose

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis

Forms
- generic 0.5% drops PoM
- generic 1% ointment PoM

Dose
- 0.5% - one drop every 2hrs for 48hrs, then every four hours during waking hours
- 1% eye ointment - qds for 2 days, bds for 5 days

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14
Q

Chloramphenicol Indications for use

A
  • bacterial conjunctivitis
  • hordeolum
  • staphylococcal and seborrheic blepharitis
  • marginal keratitis
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15
Q

Side effects of chloramphenicol

A
  • transient irritation
  • burning
  • stinging
  • itching
  • dermatitis
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16
Q

Fusidic acid mechanism

A
  • inhibition of protein synthesis by inhibiting DNA translocation
  • bacteriostatic
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17
Q

Medicinal form and dosage

A
  • fusidic acid 1% PoM
  • bds for 2 days
18
Q

Mechanism of topical antiprotazoal

A

Aromatic diamidine disinfectant with antibacterial, antiprotozoal and antifungal actions

19
Q

Medicinal forms

A
  • propamidine isethionate
  • dibrompropamidine
  • propramidine isethionate
20
Q

Action of antiviral drugs

A
  • block the virus replication by inhibiting DNA replication
  • drug blocks DNA transcription leading to DNA that is fragmented and no longer functional
  • block the action of of viral DNA/RNA polymerase enzymes
21
Q

Medicinal forms

A
  • aciclovir
  • ganciclovir
22
Q

Indications for amino-glycoside use

A
  • bacterial eye infections
  • typically not used as first line treatment
23
Q

Gentamicin cautions and contraindications

A

Cautions
- nephrotoxicity
- ototxicity

Contraindications
- allergy to aminoglycosides
- myasthenia gravis due to neuromuscular blocking effects
- pregnancy, can only be used in life threatening cases

24
Q

Which optoms can use gentamicin

A

IP

25
Q

Indications for cefuroxime use

A
  • prophylaxis of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery
26
Q

Mechanism of macroliddes

A
  • inhibits translocation during protein synthesis
  • bacteriostatic
27
Q

Macrolide example drugs

A

Azithromycin

28
Q

Indications for azythromycin use

A
  • chlamydia trachomatis treatment
  • bacterial conjunctivitis
  • most commonly used for blepharitis by ophthalmologists
29
Q

Ofloxacin cautions

A
  • below 1 yr old
  • anti arrhythmics
  • tricyclic antidepressants
  • macrolides
  • cardiac disease
  • elderly px
  • known allergy to drug
30
Q

Ofloxacin side effects

A
  • eye irritation and discomfort
31
Q

Benefits of chloramphenicol

A
  • broad spectrum
  • good penetration
  • little cross resistance
  • cost effective
  • can be used from 2+ yrs when supplied y entry level
  • PoM from 1 month
32
Q

Which form of chloramphenicol is a P med

A
  • optrex infected eyes
  • 0.5%
  • only suitable for use of acute bacterial conjunctivitis
  • only use in px over age 2 for a max of 5 days
33
Q

Chloramphenicol cautions and contraindications

A
  • risk of aplastic anaemia after topical chloramphenicol use very rare

Contraindications
- hypersensitivity to the drug
- any blood dyscrasias

34
Q

Indications of fuscidic acid

A

Staphylococcal eye infection’s

35
Q

Fuscidic acid dose

A
  • twice a day
  • treatment continued for at least 48 hrs
36
Q

Fuscidic acid cautions and contraindications

A

Cautions
- contact lens wearers
- contains BAK

Contraindications
- hypersensitivity

37
Q

Indications for topical antiviral use

A

Herpes simplex keratitis

38
Q

Indications for ganciclovir use

A
  • IP optoms to treat recurrent HSK
  • not recommended for use in children
  • use aciclovir in children
  • not effective against adenovirus
39
Q

Cautions and contraindications of gancilovir

A

Cautions
- swelling on instillation
- avoid wearing contact lenses

Contraindications
- hypersensitivity
- myelosuppression during previous exposure

40
Q

Gancilovir undesirable effects

A

Common
- SPK
- stinging on instillation

Rare
- blepharitis

SCOT (17 decks)

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