Diabetic Eye Disease Flashcards
types of diabetes
- insulin dependent
- non-insulin dependent
- pre-diabetes
- gestational
Impacts of diabetes on anterior chamber
- dry eye
- diabetic keratopathy
- uveitis
- cataract
- aqueous deficient dry eye
- diabetic neurotrophic ckeratopathy
- delayed epithelial healing
- superficial punctate keratopathy
- persistent epithelial defects
- recurrent corneal ulceration
- filamentary keratitis
- descements folds
Impact on posterior segment
- vitreous haemorrhage
- diabetic retinopathy
What is diabetic neurotrophic keratopathy
- reduction of corneal nerve density
- 64% of diabetic patients
- possible permanent vision loss
- structural and functional changes of the cornea
Features of anterior uveitis in diabetic patients
- presenting feature
- poor glycemic control
- type 1
- advanced type 2
- anterior
Types of cataract associated with diabetes
- cortical
- nuclear
- snowflake
Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy
- hyperglycaemia
- hypertension
- diabetes duration
- ethnicity
DR clinical signs
- micro aneurysms
- retinal haemorrhages
- hard exudates
- cotton wool spots
- venous tortuosity and beading neovascularisation
- tractional retinal detachment macular oedema
Different grades of diabetic maculopathy
M0 - no features within 2 disc diameters from the centre of the fovea
M1 - lesions between 1 and 2 DD from foveal centre
M2 - lesions within 1 disc diameter of the centre of the fovea
- any blot haemorrhages
- any hard exudates
Diabetic retinopathy grading
R0 - no DR
R1 - background mild
R2 - background observable
R3 - background referable
R4 - Proliferative
Most common corneal issues in diabetics
- superficial punctate keratitis
- recurrent corneal erosions
- persistent epithelial defect
- diabetic neurotrophic keratopathy
How many diabetics have reduced corneal sensitivity
- 55%
Questions for H&S
- type
- duration
- meds
- is it monitored
- when was last check up
What should the recall be for diabetic px
- annually if px not on DRS scheme
- every 2 years if px is under a DRS scheme
Shared care management
- Letter to GP to reassess blood glucose if clinically indicated
- referral to GP if DR signs by no diabetic diagnosis
