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SCOT > Allergic Conjunctivitis > Flashcards

Allergic Conjunctivitis Flashcards

1
Q

Different types of hypersensitivity response

A
  • type 1 - IgE mediated
  • type 2 - cytotoxic
  • type 3 - immune complex
  • type 4 - delayed hypersensitivity
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2
Q

Signs/symptoms of allergic reaction

A
  • itching
  • redness
  • swelling
  • discharge
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3
Q

Subtypes of ocular allergy

A
  • acute ocular allergy
  • seasonal and perennial
  • vernal
  • atopic
  • CLAPC
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4
Q

Appearance of papillae

A
  • central vascular nodule
  • flat topped
  • larger
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5
Q

Appearance of follicles

A
  • lack a prominent central vessel
  • dome shaped
  • always small
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6
Q

Differential diagnosis of allergic eye disease

A
  • infective conjunctivitis
  • dry eye
  • foreign bodies
  • episcleritis
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7
Q

Types of anti allergy drugs

A
  • mast cell stabilisers
  • antihistamines
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8
Q

What are mast cell stabilisers

A
  • prevents mast cell degranulation
  • stops release of inflammatory mediators
  • no effect on histamine already released
  • delay up to 2 weeks
  • useful for long term allergies
  • prophylactic
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9
Q

Examples of mast cell stabilisers

A
  • sodium cromoglicate
  • lodoxamide
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10
Q

Sodium cromoglicate medicinal forms and restrictions

A

Medicinal forms
- topical
- sodium cromoglicate 2% (opticrom)- GSL
- sodium cromoglicate 2% (optrex allergy)- P
- sodium cromoglicate 2% (generic) - PoM

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11
Q

SODIUM CROMOGLICATE dose, cautions, interactions and contraindications

A

Dose
- qds
Cautions
- none
Interactions
- none
Contraindications
- hypersensitivity to ingredients

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12
Q

Lodoxamide medicinal forms and dose

A

Form
- lodoxamide 0.1% (Alomide) PoM

Dose
- qds
- not for use under 4 yrs

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13
Q

Undesirable effects of lodoxamide

A

Common
- dry eye
- discomfort

Uncommon
- corneal deposits
- dizziness
- eye inflammation
- headache

Rare
- rash
- altered taste

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14
Q

Systemic Antihistamine drug examples

A

Chlorphenamine
Loratadine
Oloptadine
Ceterizine

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15
Q

Chlorphenamine mechanism, dose and contraindications

A
  • H1 blocking drug
  • sedating effects
  • oral table or syrup

Dose
- 4mg up to qds
- from 1 yrs old

Contraindications
- hypersensitivity to active ingredient
- px being treated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors

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16
Q

Loratadine mechanism, forms and dose

A

Mechanism
- second generation H1 blocking drug

Forms
- Loratadine 10mg (generic) PoM
- Loratadine 10mg (clarityn allergy) GSL

Dose
- 10mg daily in adults

17
Q

Oloptadine mechanism, forms and dose

A

Mechanism
- selective H1 blocker

Forms
- Oloptadine 1mg/ml PoM

Dose
- bds for up to 4 months

18
Q

Oloptadine indications and side effects

A

Indications
- seasonal allergic conjunctivitis

Effects
- dry eye
- irritation
- headaches
- eye pain
- headache
- nasal dryness

19
Q

Mechanism and indication for topical ocular decongestants

A
  • adrenergic alpha agonists
  • mimic action of sympathetic branch of autonomic nervous system
  • constriction of blood vessels
  • vasocontrictive action
  • reduces hyperaemia

Indications
- temporary relief from eye pain
- 2-3 times per day

20
Q

Cautions and sideffects of ocular decongestants

A
  • not for use under 12
  • 7 day max tx time
  • excessive use may produce rebound

Systemic effects
- cardiovascular disorders
- arrhythmia
- high blood pressure
- diabetes

21
Q

Mechanism of Type 1 reaction

A
  • IgE mediated
  • produced after 1st exposure
  • bind to mast cells
  • smooth muscle contraction, vasodilation increased permeability
22
Q

Mechanism of type 4 reaction

A
  • T cells
  • 48-72 hrs after exposure
  • release of cytokines which attract lymphocytes macrophages and basophils
23
Q

Sodium cromoglicate licensing

A

GSL
- seasonal conjunctivitis qds
- not for under 6

PoM
- acute allergic conjunctivitis
- chronic allergic conjunctivitis
- vernal keratoconjunctivitis

24
Q

Lodoxamide indications

A
  • allergic conjunctivitis
25
Q

Lodoxamide cautions and interactions

A
  • avoid in pregnancy
26
Q

Systemic antihistamine indication

A
  • seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis
  • especially if systemic symptoms like nasal congestion
  • GSL and PoM
27
Q

Examples of sedating systemic antihistamines

A
  • chlorphenamine
  • clemastine
28
Q

Examples of non-sedating antihistamines

A
  • ceterizine
  • loratadine
  • acrivastine
29
Q

Chlorphenamine indications

A
  • hay fever
  • food allergy
  • drug reactions
30
Q

Chlorphenamine cautions and contraindications

A

Cautions
- epilepsy
- urinary retention
- angle closure glaucoma

Contraindications
- hypersensitivity
- monoamine oxidase inhibitors

31
Q

Chlorphenamine undesirable effects

A
  • blurred vision
  • depression
  • dihorroea
  • irritability
  • Nightmares
32
Q

Loratadine contraindications and undesirable effects

A

Contraindications
- hypersensitivity

Undesirable Effects
- drowsiness
- nervousness
- increased appetite
- seizure
- palpitations

33
Q

Types of topical antihistamine

A

First gen
- antazoline phosphate

Second gen
- Oloptadine
- ketotifen
- azelastine

SCOT (17 decks)

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