Management of Common Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Why is combination therapy used?

A
  • synergy
  • to prevent resistance
  • mixed infection and 1 agent doesn’t cover all bases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define pyrexia of an unknown origin?

A

fever where the cause remains unknown despite

  • history & examination,
  • 3 sets of blood cultures & urinalysis
  • routine invesigations,
  • CXR
  • further tests directed by localising symptoms/signs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the main 3 causes of pyrexia of unknown origin?

A
  • infections
  • malignancies
  • CT diseases (vasculitis, RA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the infective causes of PUO?

A
TB
Endocarditis
Abscess
Teeth
Back - osteomyelitis
Sinuses
Typhoid
Infected prosthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the rheumatological causes of PUO?

A

Periodic fever syndrome
Vasculitis
Adult onset Still’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the cancerous causes of PUO?

A

Lymphoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Hepatocellular Carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What medications can cause PUO?

A
Antibiotics
Anticonvulsants
NSAIDs
Antihypertensives
Antihistamines
Alcoholic hepatitis
Recreational
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What useful second line tests should you do for PUO?

A
  • ESR
  • CRP
  • RhF
  • Blood film
  • serology
  • imaging CT
  • ECG
  • biopsy, bone marrow aspiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the prognosis of PUO?

A
  • generally good outcome as get better with steroids/antibiotics
  • low mortality
  • symptoms gradually subside despite not knowing what is going on
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Urinary Tract Infections

A

UTI
Pyleonephiritis
Prostaitis
PID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Skin and soft tissue infection

A

Cellulitis
Necrotising fasciitis
Bites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Resp tract Infections

A

Pneumonia
Empyema
TB
COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CNS Infections

A

Meningitis
Encephalitis
Cerebral abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Abdo Infections

A

Gastroenteritis
CHolangitis
Hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bone and joint Infections

A

Septic arthritis
Osteomyeltiis
Diabetic Foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cardiovasc Infections

A

Endocarditis

Device related infection

17
Q

UTIs

A
  • common
  • can be asymptomatic to renal abscess/urosepsis
  • by organisms which normally reside in GI tract
  • more common in woman as shorter urthera so bacteria less distance to travel
  • dysuria, bladder tenderness, flank pain, fever, circulatory failure, organ failure
  • dipstick, MSU culture, renal US/CT, abdominal CT
18
Q

What is asymptomatic bacteria in UTI?

A
  • no symptoms
  • bacteria present
  • not need treating excep immunosuppressed, abnormal anatomy of urinary tract, children, pregnancy
  • pregnancy can develop pyelonephritis
19
Q

What is proteus?

A

UTI associated with renal calculi

  • breaks down urea to ammonia to alkaline urine to stones
  • MSU growing proteins present
20
Q

Things to look out for with UTI

A
  • S. aureus in urine
  • endocarditis
  • renal abscess in urine
  • check renal function before advising nitrofurantoin as won’t get into urine if eGFR <60
  • pyelonephritis = prolonged fever
21
Q

Skin and soft tissue infection guidelines

A
  • common
  • can be life threatening
  • depends on what skin/soft tissue structures involved
  • pus present?
  • beware around eye, face, fingers, neck, groin/genitals
  • if pain disproportionate to degree of damage = deeper infection?
22
Q

Define cellulitis?

A
  • inflammation of cells
  • infection of dermis and subcutaneous tissues
  • indistinct edge
23
Q

Define erysipelas

A
  • red skin
  • infection of dermis only
  • clear demarcated edge
24
Q

Deifne impetigo

A

erythematous patches

associated with serous discharge and golden crust

25
Causes of hot red leg
``` Cellulitis DCT COntact dermatitis Gout Drug reaction Insect bite Exacerbation of lymphoedema ```
26
What is important about cellulitis?
Does not exist bilaterally!!
27
RTI guidelines
- over diagnosed - COPD exacerbations don't always need ABs as often viral - sepsis message need urgent ABs - range anatomically (upper, lower) - often exacerbations of pre-existing resp conditions - pathogen range (bac, viral, fungal)
28
Difference between typical and atypical pneumonias
Typical is S pneumonia or H. influenza grown but atypical no organism cultured as non-culturable (legionella, clhamydiphilia, mycoplasma) - atypical milder, WBC less elevated, hyponatremia?, extra pulmonary manifestations
29
What is the CURB 65 score?
``` Clinical Judgement Assessment of severity of resp infections - confusion, urea, resp rate, BP, age - low, moderate, high severity - low = single AB - mod = amoxicillin and macrolide - high = beta lactam and macrolide ```
30
Define meningitis and presentation
- meninges inflammation | - headache, neck stiffness and photophobia
31
Define encephalitis and presentatin
- brain parenchyma inflamm | - associated with cerebral function = seziures, weakness, behaviour change
32
Difference between viral meningitis and encephalitis
Men does not need treatment but enceph does | - more viral enceph over bacterial
33
CNS Infection guidelines
- sample CSF | - anti-infectives start then cessate
34
Infective endocarditis guide
- positive vs negative culture - native vs. prosthetic - indolent vs. acute - reason for specific organisim may be important as indicates other disease in body - why that valve? something else wrong with it? - surgery? depends