CSP Antibodies Revision Flashcards
1
Q
Peptidoglycan Synthesis (cell wall synthesis)
A
GLYCOPEPTIDES
- vancomycin
- bacitracin
2
Q
Folic Acid Synthesis and reduction (DNA methylation)
A
SULFONAMIDES
TRIMETHOPRIM
3
Q
Peptidoglycan Cross Linking (cell wall synthesis)
A
CARBAPENEMS MONOBACTAMS ANTIPSEUODMONAL CEPHALOSPORINS PENICILLINS
4
Q
DNA Integrity (via free radicals)
A
Metronidazole
5
Q
mRNA Synthesis (RNA polymerase)
A
Rifampicin
6
Q
Gyrase
A
FLUOROQUINOLONES - ciprofloxacin - levofloaxacin QUINOLONE - nalidixic acid
7
Q
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
A
50S SUBUNIT
- chloramphenicol
- clindamycin
- linezolid
- macrolides = erythromycin, clarithro, azithro
- streptogramins = quinupristin, dalfoprisitn
30S SUBUNIT
- aminoglycosides = gentamycin, neomycin, amikacin, streptomycin
- tetracycline (doxy, mino)
- glycylcyline
8
Q
Fluoroquinolones
A
- oral
- inhibit DNA gyrase via topoisomerase II)
- ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
- for gram -ve
- only oral anti-pseudomonal
- can cause C. difficile and tendonitis
9
Q
Aminoglycosides
A
- 30S subunit protein synthesis
- gentamicin, streptomycin, amikacin
- IV
- SE = ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
10
Q
Tetracyclines
A
- 30S subunit protein synthesis
- oral or IV
- tetracycline, doxycycline
- SE = photosensitivity
11
Q
Macrolides
A
- 50S subunit protein synthesis
- oral or IV
- clarithromycin, azithromycin, erythromycin
- SE = QT prolongation
12
Q
Lincosamides
A
- 50S subunit protein synthesis
- clindamycin, lincomycin
- SE = C difficile
13
Q
Beta Lactams
A
- cell wall synthesis
- penicillin
- cephalosporins
- carbapenems
14
Q
Penicillin
A
- cell wall synth
- IV or oral
- amoxicillin, flucloxacillin, piperacillin
- more effective with beta lactamase inhibitors which inhibit bacterial breakdown of penicillin’s
- SE = allergies, cholestasis (amox), hypernatremia (pipera)
15
Q
Cephalosporins
A
- IV
- cell wall synth
- cefuroxime
- ceftriaxone
- SE = C difficile
16
Q
Carbapenems
A
- meropenem
- cell wall synth
SE = C difficile
17
Q
Glycopeptides
A
- cell wall synth
- vancomycin
- against MRSA, C difficile (hospital acquired)
- takes long time to reach lungs (7 days)
- SE = red man syndrome as excessive histamine release (vanco), nephrotoxicity
18
Q
S penumoniae which AB?
A
- amoxicillin
- Co-amoxiclav
19
Q
S. aureus which AB?
A
- flucloxacillin
- vancomycin (MRSA)
20
Q
Pseudomonas which AB?
A
- piperacillin
- piptazobactam
- genatmicin
- carbapenem
21
Q
C difficile which AB?
A
- vancomycin
- metronidazole
22
Q
Altered Target Resistance
A
- rifampicin (RNA polymerase)
- ciprofloxacin (DNA gyrase(
- streptomycin (30S ribosome)
23
Q
Alternative Target Resistance
A
Penicillin binding protein in MRSA
24
Q
Modify/breakdown AB resistance
A
Beta lactamase
Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes
25
Efflux pump resistance
- tetracyclines
- fluoroquinolones
- beta lactams
26
Bacterial Conjugation resistance how?
plasmid transfer via pili
27
Transformation resistance how?
naked DNA taken up from surroundings
28
Virus Life Cycle
- entry
- uncoating virus
- nucleic acid synthesis
- protein synthesis and virion assembly
- release of progeny
29
Ergosterol Inhibitors
Antifungals
- ketoconazole, fluconazole
- inhibits cell membrane function
30
Polyenes
Antifungals
- amphotericin B, nystatin
- membrane leak = cell death
31
Echinocandins
Antifungals
- micafungin, capsofungin
- inhibit cell wall formation
