CSP Antibodies Revision

Question 1

Peptidoglycan Synthesis (cell wall synthesis)

Answer 1

GLYCOPEPTIDES

• vancomycin
• bacitracin

Question 2

Folic Acid Synthesis and reduction (DNA methylation)

Answer 2

SULFONAMIDES

TRIMETHOPRIM

Question 3

Peptidoglycan Cross Linking (cell wall synthesis)

Answer 3

CARBAPENEMS
MONOBACTAMS
ANTIPSEUODMONAL
CEPHALOSPORINS
PENICILLINS

Question 4

DNA Integrity (via free radicals)

Answer 4

Metronidazole

Question 5

mRNA Synthesis (RNA polymerase)

Answer 5

Rifampicin

Question 6

Gyrase

Answer 6

FLUOROQUINOLONES
- ciprofloxacin
- levofloaxacin
QUINOLONE
- nalidixic acid

Question 7

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Answer 7

50S SUBUNIT

• chloramphenicol
• clindamycin
• linezolid
• macrolides = erythromycin, clarithro, azithro
• streptogramins = quinupristin, dalfoprisitn

30S SUBUNIT

• aminoglycosides = gentamycin, neomycin, amikacin, streptomycin
• tetracycline (doxy, mino)
• glycylcyline

Question 8

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 8

• oral
• inhibit DNA gyrase via topoisomerase II)
• ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
• for gram -ve
• only oral anti-pseudomonal
• can cause C. difficile and tendonitis

Question 9

Aminoglycosides

Answer 9

• 30S subunit protein synthesis
• gentamicin, streptomycin, amikacin
• IV
• SE = ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

Question 10

Tetracyclines

Answer 10

• 30S subunit protein synthesis
• oral or IV
• tetracycline, doxycycline
• SE = photosensitivity

Question 11

Macrolides

Answer 11

• 50S subunit protein synthesis
• oral or IV
• clarithromycin, azithromycin, erythromycin
• SE = QT prolongation

Question 12

Lincosamides

Answer 12

• 50S subunit protein synthesis
• clindamycin, lincomycin
• SE = C difficile

Question 13

Beta Lactams

Answer 13

• cell wall synthesis
• penicillin
• cephalosporins
• carbapenems

Question 14

Penicillin

Answer 14

• cell wall synth
• IV or oral
• amoxicillin, flucloxacillin, piperacillin
• more effective with beta lactamase inhibitors which inhibit bacterial breakdown of penicillin’s
• SE = allergies, cholestasis (amox), hypernatremia (pipera)

Question 15

Cephalosporins

Answer 15

• IV
• cell wall synth
• cefuroxime
• ceftriaxone
• SE = C difficile

Question 16

Carbapenems

Answer 16

• meropenem
• cell wall synth
  SE = C difficile

Question 17

Glycopeptides

Answer 17

• cell wall synth
• vancomycin
• against MRSA, C difficile (hospital acquired)
• takes long time to reach lungs (7 days)
• SE = red man syndrome as excessive histamine release (vanco), nephrotoxicity

Question 18

S penumoniae which AB?

Answer 18

• amoxicillin

- Co-amoxiclav

Question 19

S. aureus which AB?

Answer 19

• flucloxacillin

- vancomycin (MRSA)

Question 20

Pseudomonas which AB?

Answer 20

• piperacillin
• piptazobactam
• genatmicin
• carbapenem

Question 21

C difficile which AB?

Answer 21

• vancomycin

- metronidazole

Question 22

Altered Target Resistance

Answer 22

• rifampicin (RNA polymerase)
• ciprofloxacin (DNA gyrase(
• streptomycin (30S ribosome)

Question 23

Alternative Target Resistance

Answer 23

Penicillin binding protein in MRSA

Question 24

Modify/breakdown AB resistance

Answer 24

Beta lactamase

Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes

Question 25

Efflux pump resistance

Answer 25

• tetracyclines
• fluoroquinolones
• beta lactams

Question 26

Bacterial Conjugation resistance how?

Answer 26

plasmid transfer via pili

Question 27

Transformation resistance how?

Answer 27

naked DNA taken up from surroundings

Question 28

Virus Life Cycle

Answer 28

• entry
• uncoating virus
• nucleic acid synthesis
• protein synthesis and virion assembly
• release of progeny

Question 29

Ergosterol Inhibitors

Answer 29

Antifungals

• ketoconazole, fluconazole
• inhibits cell membrane function

Question 30

Polyenes

Answer 30

Antifungals

• amphotericin B, nystatin
• membrane leak = cell death

Question 31

Echinocandins

Answer 31

Antifungals

• micafungin, capsofungin
• inhibit cell wall formation