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Management of Common Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What infection is in the nose?

A

Sinusitis - this is viral/bacterial infection

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2
Q

What are the first line and second-line treatment for sinusitis?

A
  1. Phenoxymethylpenicillin
  2. Co-amoxiclav
  3. Doxycycline or Clarithromycin.
    For pregnancy - Erythromycin.
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3
Q

What are the treatment for oral (mouth) infections?

A
  1. Broad spec penicillins (like Co-amoxiclav, amoxicillin or Phenoxy)
  2. Cephalosporins: Cefalexin & Cefradine
  3. Metronidazole/Tinidazole (more for anaerobe and people allergic to penicillin)
  4. Macrolides - Clarithromycin/erythromycin (espc for patients allergic to pen)
  5. Doxycycline (for oral anaerobes)
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4
Q

What is given for eye infections?

A

For conjunctivitis - chloramphenicol

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5
Q

What are the counselling points for Chloramphenicol?

A
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6
Q

What are the two main ear infections?

A
  • Otitis externa
  • Otitis media
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7
Q

What are the treatments for otitis externa?

A
  1. Flucloxacillin
  2. Clarithro/Azithro/Erythro
    (esp given to those with pen allergy)
  3. Ciprofloxacin/aminoglycoside (if they have pseudomonas infectiom)
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8
Q

What are the treatments for otitis media?

A
  1. Amoxicillin
  2. Co-amoxiclav (with worsening symptoms)
  3. Clarithro/Erythro (with pen allergy)
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9
Q

What are the three main types of Endocarditis? (a heart condition)

A
  1. Initial blind therapy
  2. Caused by staphylococci
  3. Caused by Streptococci
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10
Q

What are the treatment for Initial blind therapy?

A
  1. Amoxicillin/ampicillin
  2. Add low does Gentamicin
  3. Low dose gentamicin + Vancomycin (if MRSA is suspected or severe sepsis or if pt is allergic to penicillin)
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11
Q

What is the treatment for Endocarditis caused by Staphylococci?

A
  • Flucloxacillin

If pen allergy or MRSA - Vancomycin + rifampicin

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12
Q

What is the treatment for Endocarditis caused by Streptococci?

A
  • Benzylpenicillin sodium

if pen allergy - Vancomycin + low dose gentamicin)

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13
Q

What is the treatment for Septicaemia - a blood infection (for both community and hospital acquired)?

A
  1. Piperacillin with Tazobactam/ Ticarcillin with clavulanic acid / Cephalosporin (e.g. cefuroxime)
  2. Add vancomycin or teicoplanin (MRSA)
  3. Add metronidazole to cephalosporin (anaerobic infection)
  • If not anaerobic, use broad spec (Meropenem)
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14
Q

What are the different gastro-intestinal infections?

A
  1. Campylobacter enteritis
  2. Salmonella
  3. Shigellosis
  4. Typhoid
  5. Biliary infection
  6. Clostridium difficile
  7. Diverticulitis
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15
Q

What are the treatments for Campylobacter enteritis?

A
  1. Clar / Azithro / Erythro
  2. Ciprofloxacin
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16
Q

What are the treatments for Samonella/Shigellosis/Typhoid/Biliary infection?

A
  1. Ciprofloxacin
  2. Azithromycin, Cefotaxime, gentamicin
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17
Q

What are the treatments for Clostridium difficile (C.difficle)?

A
  1. Vancomycin - 125mg 4 times daily for 10 days
  2. Fidaxomicin - 200mg twice daily

If not effective, seek specialist treatment:

  1. Vancomycin - 500mg 4 times daily (with or without metronidazole - 500mg intravenously 3 times a day for 10 days)

Within 12 weeks - Fidaxomicin 200mg BD

Over 12 weeks - Vancomycin 125mg QDS or Fidaxomicin 200mg BD

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18
Q

What are the treatments for Diverticulitis?

A
  1. Co-amoxiclav
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19
Q

What are the different genital infections

A
  • Bacterial vaginosis
  • Chlamydia
  • Gonorrhoea
  • Syphillis
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20
Q

What are the treatments for Bacterial Vaginosis?

A
  1. Metronidazole (oral or topical)
  2. Clindamycin (topical)
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21
Q

What are the treatments for Chlamydia?

A
  1. Doxycycline
  2. Azithromycin
  3. Erythromycin
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22
Q

What are the treatments for Gonorrhoea?

A
  1. For uncomplicated anogenital or pharyngeal infection - Ciprofloxacin 500mg

If type is unknown - Cefriaxone 1g IM injection, single dose

  1. Cefixime 400mg orally as a single dose + Azithromycin 2g orally

OR gentamicin 240mg IM

Penicillin allergy - cefriaxone and cefixime

Pregnant or breastfeeding - Ceftriaxone

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23
Q

What are the treatments for Syphillis?

A
  1. Benzypenicillin
  2. Doxycycline
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24
Q

What are the treatments for UTI in non-pregnant women?

A
  1. Nitrofurantoin or Trimethoprim
  2. Fosfomycin / Pivmecillinam
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25
What are the treatments for UTI in pregnant women?
1. Nitrofurantoin (not to term) 2. Amoxicillin or cefalexin If the lady has a cather - Cefalexin
26
What is the treatment for Diabetic foot infection?
1. Flucloxacillin 2. If allergic or fluclox is unsuitable - Clarithromycin/doxy/erthro
27
What can given for Osteomyelitis (a musculoskeletal infection)?
1. Flucloxacillin 2. If penicillin allergy - Clindamycin 3. If resistant bacteria - vancomycin / teicoplanin, and consider adding fusidic acid or rifampicin for initial 2 weeks.
28
What are the different causes of Meningitis (a CNS infection)?
- Caused by meningococci - Caused by pneumococci - Causes by Listeria - Caused by Haemophilus influenza
29
What are the treatments for meningitis caused by meningocci?
1. Benzylpenillcin or cefotaxime 2. Chloramphenicol
30
What are the treatments for meningitis caused by pneumococci?
1. Cefotaxime (add Dexamethasone) 2. Benyzylpenicillin (If pen allergy, cephalosporins + vancomycin)
31
What are the treatments for meningitis caused by Listeria?
1. Amoxicillin (or ampicillin) + gentamicin 2. Co-trimoxazole (if pen allergy)
32
What is the treatment for Meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenza?
Cefotaxime (ceftriaxone)
33
What are the different Respiratory infections?
- Epiglottitis - COPD - Acute cough - Penumonia (community)
34
What are the different treatments for Epiglottitis?
1. Cefotaxime or Cefriaxone 2. Chloramphenicol (esp with penicillin allergy)
35
What are the different treatments for COPD
1. Amoxicillin / clarithromycin/doxy 2. Co-amoxiclav, levofloxacin, co-trimoxazole
36
What are the different treatments for acute cough?
1. Doxycycline or amoxicillin 2. Clarithromycin / Erythromycin
37
What are the different treatments for community pneumonia?
1. Amoxicillin 2. If pen allergy - Erythromycin, doxycycline, clarithromycin
38
What are the different treatments for a pregnant lady with respiratory infection?
Amoxicillin or Erythromycin
39
What are the different skin infections?
- Impetigo - Cellulitis - Leg ulcer
40
What are the treatments for Impetigo?
Topical 1. Hydrogen peroxide 1% cream 2. Fusidic acid Oral 1. Flucloxacillin 2. For pen allergy - clarithromycin or erythromycin
41
What are the different treatments for Cellulitis?
1. Flucloxacillin For pen allergy - clari, ery, dox 2. Co-amoxiclav or clindamycin
42
What are the different treatments for Leg ulcer?
1. Flucloxacillin For pen allergy - clar, ery, dox 2. Co-trimoxazole (esp for pen allergy)
43
What is the treatment for animal and human bite infections?
1. Co-amoxiclav (pen allergy - doxycycline + metronidazole)
44
What is the treatment for mastitis during breastfeeding?
1. Flucloxacillin (Pen allergy - erythromycin)
45
What is Acute pyelonephritis?
Inflammation of the kidney
46
What's the treatment of Acute pyelonephritis?
Non-pregnant women & men - ORAL - cefalexin or ciprofloxacin - IV - Amikacin, Gentamicin, ceftriazone, ciprofloxacin Pregnant women - Oral - cefalexin - IV - Cefuroxime
47
Which organisms cause Tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
48
Which organisms cause Food poisoning (GI upset)?
Salmonella, shigella, E.coli, norovirus
49
Which organisms cause MRSA?
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
50
Which organisms cause colitis?
Clostridium difficile
51
Which organisms cause Pneumonia?
Psuedomonas aerguinosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, pneumocycstis jirovecil, haemophilus influenza
52
Which organisms cause Gonorrhoea?
Neisseria gonorrhoea
53
Which organisms cause whopping cough?
Bordetella pertusis
54
Which organisms cause UTI?
E.Coli
55
Treatment for whopping cough?
Non pregnant adult - 1. Azithromycin or clarithromycin 2. Co-trimoxazole Pregnant - erythromycin
56
General guidance of infections and what to give?
Anaerobic infections - metronidazole Steptococci infections - Phenoxy Staphylococci infections - Fluclox MRSA - Vancomycin Pseudomonas aeruginosa - Gentamicin Bone infections - Clindamycin
57
What is the treatment for hospital acquired pneumonia - low severity?
- Co-amoxiclav (alternative doxycycline or co-trimoxazole)
58
What is the treatment for community acquired pneumonia - non severe?
Amoxicillin (alt doxycycline, erythromycin, or clarithromycin).
59
What is the CURB65 score?
This tells you the severity of pneumonia
60
What does the CURB65 stand for?
C - Confusion U - Urea R - Respiratory B - Blood pressure 65 - equal to and over the age of 65 Each one = 1 point 0-1 = treat as an outpatient 2 - Consider a short stay in hospital or watch very closely as an outpatient 3 - Requires hospitalization with consideration of intensive care unit

Infections (6 decks)

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