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Infections > Antibacterial, sepsis etc. > Flashcards

Antibacterial, sepsis etc. Flashcards

1
Q

What are three things to consider when choosing an antibacterial?

A

-Patient
- Causative organism
- Risk of resistance

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2
Q

What are the patient factors that affecting drug choice?

A
  • Allergies
  • Renal/hepatic function
  • Susceptibility to infection
  • Ability to tolerate drugs by mouth
  • Severity of illness
  • Ethnic origin
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Other medicines
  • Pregnancy / breastfeeding?
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3
Q

What is a superinfection?

A

An infection occurring on top of a previous infection.
More linked to broad spectrum antibiotics.

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4
Q

What are examples of broad spectrum antibiotics?

A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Macrolides
  • Carbapenems
  • Cephalosporins
  • Tetracyclines
  • Quinolones
  • Chloramphenicol
  • Most penicillins

And more

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5
Q

Examples of narrow spectrum antibiotics?

A

PC TV
- PENICILLIN G (BENZYLPENICILLIN)

  • CLINDAMYCIN
  • TEICOPLANIN
  • VANCOMYCIN
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6
Q

What is Septicaemia?

A

An infection of the blood, caused by bacteria, fungi, or virus.

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7
Q

What is sepsis?

A

A medical emergency - it is the body’s reaction to a SEVERE infection and affects the whole body

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8
Q

What are symptoms of sepsis?

A

SEPSIS:
* Shivering, feeling cold, or fever
* Extreme pain
* Pale or discoloured skin (like blue)
* Sleepy, lethargic
* I feel like I’m going to die
* Shortness of breath

Children & babies:
- No urine in last 12 hours
- Vomiting
- Breathing fast / difficulty breathing
- Non-blanching rash (like meningitis)
- Blue/pale skin or lips
- Very high or low temp (hot or cold to touch)
- High-pitch cry

Adult
- confusion, slurred speech
- non-blanching rash

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9
Q

Treatment for sepsis?

A

Give a broad-spectrum antibiotic at the highest possible dose - ideally within 1 hour to reduce the risk of severe illness or death

Drug of choice is usually intravenous ceftriaxone in hospital OR parenteral Benzylpenicillin in community.

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10
Q

How often should high risk patients, with sepsis, be moinitored?

A

No less than every 30 minutes

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11
Q

What are notifiable diseases?

A

Diseases where there could be a public health risk

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12
Q

Who must doctors notify of diseases that could be a public health risk?

A

A proper officer, local authority or local health protection unit

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13
Q

Examples of notifiable diseases?

A
  • CHOLERA
  • COVID-19
  • FOOD POISONING
  • HEPATITIS (ACUTE)
  • LEPROSY
  • MALARIA
  • INFECTIOUS BLOODY DIARRHOEA
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14
Q

Which antibiotics need to be taken on an empty stomach?

A

DROP FAT

  • Demeclocycline
  • Rifampicin
  • Oxytetracycline
  • Penicillin V
  • Flucloxacillin
  • Ampicillin
  • Tetracycline
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15
Q

What is label 23?

A

Take an hour
before, or two
hours after food

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16
Q

What is label 22?

A

Take 30 to 60
minutes before food

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17
Q

Which antibiotics have label 23?

A
  • Flucloxacillin
  • Penicillin V
  • Ampicillin
  • Demeclocycline
  • Rifampicin
  • Oxytetracycline
  • Tetracycline
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18
Q

Which antibiotics need to be taken with food?

A
  • Metronidazole
  • Nitrofurantoin
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19
Q

What is label 21?

A

Take with or just after food or a meal

20
Q

Which antibiotics have label 21?

A
  • Metronidazole
  • Nitrofurantoin
21
Q

What is label 6?

A

Do not take indigestion remedies or medicines containing iron or zinc, 2 hours before or after you take this medicine.

Likes milk

22
Q

What is label 7?

A

Do not take milk, indigestion remedies, or medicines containing iron or zinc, 2 hours before or after you take this medicine.

Does not like milk

23
Q

Which antibiotics have label 6 and can be taken with milk?

A

DOes Like Milk

  • DOxycycline
  • Lymecycline
  • Minocycline
24
Q

Which antibiotics have label 7 and cannot be taken with milk?

A
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Demeclocycline
  • Oxytetracycline
  • Tetracycline
25
Q

Which antibiotics are safe to use in pregnancy?

A
  • Penicillins
  • Erythromycin
  • Cephalosporins
  • Clindamycin
26
Q

Which antibiotics must be avoided in pregnancy?

A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Co-trimoxazole
  • Macrolides (except erythromycin)
  • Metronidazole
  • Nitrofurantoin (avoid at term, otherwise safe)
  • Quinolones
  • Rifampicin
  • Tetracyclines
27
Q

What advice must be given with Doxycycline and Demeclocycline?

A

Patients should avoid sunlight and avoid using sunbeds due
to an increased risk of photosensitivity.

28
Q

What is the safety information for Co-Amoxiclav?

A

Causes cholestatic jaundice

29
Q

What is the safety information for Co-trimoxazole?

A

Causes blood disorders, severe allergic skin reactions, and Stevens-
Johnson syndrome.

30
Q

What is the safety information for Flucloxacillin?

A

Causes cholestatic jaundice and hepatitis.

31
Q

What is the safety information for Quinolones?

A

Cause tendon damage (tendonitis), joint problems (arthropathy) in children,
and convulsions if used with NSAIDs.

32
Q

Which antibiotic causes urine discolouration?

A

RIFAMPICIN colours the urine orange/red

NITROFURANTOIN colours the urine red/brown

Both harmless

33
Q

Which antibiotics can cause blood disorders?

A
  • Co-trimoxazole
  • Gentamycin
  • Linezolid
  • Trimethoprim
  • Vancomycin
34
Q

What is the common contraindication for Penicillin?

A

People with penicillin allergy

35
Q

What is the common contraindication for Tetracyclines?

A

Children under 12 years old

36
Q

What is the common contraindication for Quinolones?

A

People with a history of tendonitis related to quinolone use

37
Q

What is the common contraindication for Aminoglycosides?

A

Myasthenia gravis

38
Q

What are the causative organisms for food poisoning?

A

Salmonella, shigella, E. coli, norovirus

39
Q

What is the causative organism for Tuberculosis?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

40
Q

What is the causative organism for MRSA?

A

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

41
Q

What is the causative organism for Colitis?

A

Clostridium difficile

42
Q

What is the causative organism for Pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa

43
Q

What is the causative organism for Gonorrhoea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea

44
Q

What is the causative organism for Whooping cough?

A

Bordetella pertussis

45
Q

What is the causative organism for UTI?

A

E. coli

46
Q
A

Infections (6 decks)

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