Antibacterial, sepsis etc. Flashcards
What are three things to consider when choosing an antibacterial?
-Patient
- Causative organism
- Risk of resistance
What are the patient factors that affecting drug choice?
- Allergies
- Renal/hepatic function
- Susceptibility to infection
- Ability to tolerate drugs by mouth
- Severity of illness
- Ethnic origin
- Age
- Gender
- Other medicines
- Pregnancy / breastfeeding?
What is a superinfection?
An infection occurring on top of a previous infection.
More linked to broad spectrum antibiotics.
What are examples of broad spectrum antibiotics?
- Aminoglycosides
- Macrolides
- Carbapenems
- Cephalosporins
- Tetracyclines
- Quinolones
- Chloramphenicol
- Most penicillins
And more
Examples of narrow spectrum antibiotics?
PC TV
- PENICILLIN G (BENZYLPENICILLIN)
- CLINDAMYCIN
- TEICOPLANIN
- VANCOMYCIN
What is Septicaemia?
An infection of the blood, caused by bacteria, fungi, or virus.
What is sepsis?
A medical emergency - it is the body’s reaction to a SEVERE infection and affects the whole body
What are symptoms of sepsis?
SEPSIS:
* Shivering, feeling cold, or fever
* Extreme pain
* Pale or discoloured skin (like blue)
* Sleepy, lethargic
* I feel like I’m going to die
* Shortness of breath
Children & babies:
- No urine in last 12 hours
- Vomiting
- Breathing fast / difficulty breathing
- Non-blanching rash (like meningitis)
- Blue/pale skin or lips
- Very high or low temp (hot or cold to touch)
- High-pitch cry
Adult
- confusion, slurred speech
- non-blanching rash
Treatment for sepsis?
Give a broad-spectrum antibiotic at the highest possible dose - ideally within 1 hour to reduce the risk of severe illness or death
Drug of choice is usually intravenous ceftriaxone in hospital OR parenteral Benzylpenicillin in community.
How often should high risk patients, with sepsis, be moinitored?
No less than every 30 minutes
What are notifiable diseases?
Diseases where there could be a public health risk
Who must doctors notify of diseases that could be a public health risk?
A proper officer, local authority or local health protection unit
Examples of notifiable diseases?
- CHOLERA
- COVID-19
- FOOD POISONING
- HEPATITIS (ACUTE)
- LEPROSY
- MALARIA
- INFECTIOUS BLOODY DIARRHOEA
Which antibiotics need to be taken on an empty stomach?
DROP FAT
- Demeclocycline
- Rifampicin
- Oxytetracycline
- Penicillin V
- Flucloxacillin
- Ampicillin
- Tetracycline
What is label 23?
Take an hour
before, or two
hours after food
What is label 22?
Take 30 to 60
minutes before food
Which antibiotics have label 23?
- Flucloxacillin
- Penicillin V
- Ampicillin
- Demeclocycline
- Rifampicin
- Oxytetracycline
- Tetracycline
Which antibiotics need to be taken with food?
- Metronidazole
- Nitrofurantoin
What is label 21?
Take with or just after food or a meal
Which antibiotics have label 21?
- Metronidazole
- Nitrofurantoin
- Pivecillinam
What is label 6?
Do not take indigestion remedies or medicines containing iron or zinc, 2 hours before or after you take this medicine.
Likes milk
What is label 7?
Do not take milk, indigestion remedies, or medicines containing iron or zinc, 2 hours before or after you take this medicine.
Does not like milk
Which antibiotics have label 6 and can be taken with milk?
DOes Like Milk
- DOxycycline
- Lymecycline
- Minocycline
Which antibiotics have label 7 and cannot be taken with milk?
- Ciprofloxacin
- Demeclocycline
- Oxytetracycline
- Tetracycline
