management exam

Question 1

What is the production-oriented definition of management?

Answer 1

Focuses on optimizing resources to increase production efficiency.

Question 2

What is the decision-oriented definition of management?

Answer 2

Emphasizes making strategic and operational decisions to achieve objectives.

Question 3

List four characteristics of management.

Answer 3

Goal-oriented, dynamic, multi-disciplinary, and universally applicable.

Question 5

What is the empirical approach?

Answer 5

Based on observations and experiences of past managers.

Question 5

Define Planning.

Answer 5

Determining objectives and devising strategies to achieve them.

Question 5

Define planning premises.

Answer 5

Assumptions used to frame plans, such as forecasts.

Question 5

What is decision-making?

Answer 5

Choosing the best alternative among options.

Question 5

Define formal planning.

Answer 5

A documented and structured planning process followed systematically.

Question 5

What is corporate planning?

Answer 5

Long-term strategic planning focused on the organization’s overall growth and direction.

Question 6

Define directing.

Answer 6

Harmonizing activities across departments to ensure unity of action.

Question 6

What is centralization?

Answer 6

Concentrating decision-making power at higher levels of the organizational hierarchy.

Question 6

Define organizing.

Answer 6

A: Arranging resources and tasks into a structured framework to achieve objectives.

Question 6

List sources of recruitment.

Answer 6

Internal: Promotions, transfers.
External: Job portals, advertisements, campus hiring.

Question 6

Difference between formal and informal organizations.

Answer 6

Formal: Structured, roles defined, authority established.
Informal: Social, flexible, spontaneous relationships.

Question 6

What are the roles of a manager?

Answer 6

Interpersonal: Leader, figurehead, liaison.
Informational: Monitor, disseminator, spokesperson.
Decisional: Entrepreneur, negotiator, problem-solver.

Question 6

What is Kaizen?

Answer 6

A Japanese concept emphasizing continuous improvement through small, incremental changes.

Question 6

Frederick Taylor’s scientific management.

Answer 6

Emphasizes efficiency and productivity.
Key methods: Time studies, standardization, scientific selection of workers.

Question 7

Universality of management.

Answer 7

Management principles apply to all industries, organizations, and cultural settings.

Question 8

Types of planning premises.

Answer 8

Internal: Policies, resources, employee skills.
External: Economic trends, competition, legal factors

Question 9

: Individual vs. group decision-making.

Answer 9

Individual: Quick, less diverse input, less conflict.
Group: Collaborative, diverse ideas, time