fundamentals of management

Question 1

management as science

Answer 1

systematic body of knowledge
cause and effect relationship
universal applicability
Scientific enquiry and experiments
Tests of validity and predictability

Question 2

management as art

Answer 2

(i) Practical knowledge
(ii) Personal skill
(iii) Result oriented approach
(iv) Creativity
(v) Improvement through continuous practice

Question 3

Why is management considered a soft science?

Answer 3

Management deals with people, making it difficult to predict human behavior with precision, unlike physical sciences.

Question 4

features of management

Answer 4

Goal-Oriented
Universal Application
Continuous Process
Multidisciplinary
Pervasive
Integrative Force
Effective Use of Resources
Decision-Making
Leadership
Dynamic Nature

Question 5

interpersonal roles

Answer 5

leader ; leads motivates directs employeees and maintains performance
figure head ; person who represents
liaison ; the bridge that maintains relationship between organisation and other firms

Question 6

informational roles

Answer 6

monitor
scans environment
disseminator
shares imp info with other
spokesperson
speaks on behalf

Question 7

decisional roles

Answer 7

entrepreneur
Initiates and oversees new projects
Disturbance Handler
Resolves conflicts and crises that disrupt normal operation
Resource Allocator: Allocates organizational resources (time, money, staff) effectively to achieve goals.
Negotiator ;Engages in negotiations to resolve issues or secure favorable terms for the organization.

Question 8

contribution of taylor

Answer 8

Scientific task setting
Experimentation or work study
Planning
Scientific selection and training of workers
Specialisation
Standardisation
Incentive wage plan

Question 9

types of study

Answer 9

method study
simplifying production
motion study
eliminating unnecessary motions
time study
a standard time for doing the job
fatigue study
to know the level and nature of
fatigue and to find out the ways to eliminate or minimize

Question 10

Importance of management

Answer 10

1. Achieving Organizational Goals
2. Optimal Resource Utilization
3. Establishing Order and Structure
4. Enhancing Productivity and Efficiency
5. Facilitating Decision-Making
6. Encouraging Innovation
7. Maintaining Adaptability to Change
8. Ensuring Organizational Stability
9. Motivating Employees
10. Building Coordination and Teamwork

Question 11

production-oriented definition of management

Answer 11

Management focuses on maximizing production and efficiency by effectively utilizing resources and minimizing wastage.

Question 12

What is the decision-oriented definition of management?

Answer 12

Management involves logical and analytical decision-making to achieve organizational growth and solve problems systematically.

Question 13

What is the people-oriented definition of management?

Answer 13

Management emphasizes building relationships, motivating employees, and aligning team efforts toward common goals.

Question 14

What are the key principles of Taylor’s scientific management?

Answer 14

Science over Rule of Thumb: Standardized methods replace guesswork.
Harmony: Cooperation between management and workers.
Development of Workers: Training employees for maximum efficiency.
Division of Responsibility: Clear separation of planning and execution.