Management and organizational structure Flashcards
Theoretical foundations organizational structure
Classical Management Theories
Scientific Management
Frederick Taylor
Emphasizes efficiency and productivity through systematic observation and analysis of work processes.
(Centralization of decision-making)
Frederick Taylor
Classical Management Theories
Administrative Management
Henri Fayol
Focuses on principles of management, including unity of command, scalar chain, and division of labor.
Emphasizes the importance of clear organizational structure.
Henri Fayol
Behavioral Management Theories
Hawthorne Studies
Elton Mayo
Examined the social and psychological factors affecting productivity.
Emphasizes the informal aspects of organizations and the importance of human relations.
Behavioral Management Theories
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs:
Maslow
Proposes a hierarchy of human needs influencing motivation.
Implications for designing organizational structures that support employee well-being.
Contingency Theory
Joan Woodward’s Contingency Model
Identifies the relationship between technology and organizational structure.
Contends that different technologies require different organizational structures
Contingency Theory
Lawrence and Lorsch’s Differentiation and Integration
Argues that organizations need to balance differentiation (specialization) and integration (coordination) based on environmental demands
Structural-Functional Approach
Talcott Parsons
Views organizations as systems with interrelated parts working together to achieve common goals.
Highlights the importance of differentiation and integration for organizational effectiveness.
Organizational Culture Theory
Edgar Schein
Focuses on the role of culture in shaping organizational structures.
Argues that shared values and beliefs influence how organizational structures are designed and maintained.
Transaction Cost Economics
Oliver Williamson
Examines how transaction costs influence the choice between hierarchical and market-based governance structures.
Emphasizes the importance of minimizing transaction costs for efficiency
Institutional Theory
DiMaggio and Powell
Explores how organizations conform to institutional norms and values in their structures.
Examines the impact of external influences on organizational design.
Resource Dependency Theory
Pfeffer and Salancik
Examines how organizations structure themselves to manage external dependencies.
Highlights the role of power and influence in shaping organizational structures.
Network Theory
Social Network Analysis
Views organizations as networks of relationships.
Emphasizes the importance of informal networks in influencing organizational structure and communication
Dynamic Capabilities Theory
Focuses on an organization’s ability to adapt and change in response to dynamic environments.
Discusses how organizational structures should be flexible and responsive to change.
