Management Flashcards
Contingency Theory; Human Relations and/ Classical School of Management, and Role of Management
Henri Fayol
What is the Role of a Manager?
Planning = setting formula plans in relation to the business objectives
Organisational = setting targets for employees to meet business objectives
Controlling = ensures plan on target/in budegt - monitoring/evaluating work
Commanding = the leader - setting visison supporting staff and decsions
Co-ordinating = ensures staff and resources are in the right place and time
Faylol’s 14 Principles of Management
List a few of Fayol’s 14 Principle of Managment
(identify)
- Division of Labour
- Unity of Command
- Equity
- Order
- Discipline
- Initiative
- Centralisation
Fayol’s 14 Principles of Managment
What is Initiative?
Encourgaing employees to use their intiative and creativity
Fayol’s 14 Principles of Managment
What is Unity of Command?
Employees should know who to report to without confusion
Henry Mintzberg
What does Interpersonal, Informational and Decisional mean?
Interpersonal = managing through People
Informational = managing though Information
Decisional = manageing through Action
Henry Mintzberg
Which roles fit into the Interpersonal category?
- Figure head
- Leader
- Liason
Henry Mintxberg
Which roles fit into the Informational category?
- Monitor
- Disseminator
- Spokesperson
Henry Mintzberg
Which roles fit into the Decisonal category?
- Enterpenuer
- Disturbance handler
- Resource allocator
- Negotiator
Interpersonal
What does the Figure head do?
Represents the organisation out within the company e.,g speaking at important functions
Informational
What does the Disseminator do?
Communicates objectives
Decisional
What does the Disturbance handler do?
Deals effectivly with problems which arise
Classical Management Theories
What is the Classical School of Managment?
(Describe)
- Involves the first people to write about mangement in the early 20th century
- Emphasis on formal hierarchy with clearly defined tasks and a common purpose
- Concerned with increasing productivity
Scientific Managment
What did Frederick Taylor theorise?
- Fair day’s pay for a fair day’s work
- Efficiency = increasing output per worker, maximising resources and offering the best rate pay
- Standardisation = Consistancy = tasks are divided up into smaller specified tasks
- Disipline = Heirarchal authority by introducing systems
Frederick Taylor
What did he propose?
- Work study =done by managers while operational tasks = done by workers
- Uses analysis and functions = finding best way of performing each task
- Piecemeal incentive - more workers produced = more they were paid
Bureacratic School of Managment
What did Max Webber theorise?
- Emphasised - rules, standardisation, processes and procedures = leading to increased stress of employees
- Division of labour = employees become specialised = can lead to boredom due to repetitive nature of the job
- Clear hierarchy = employees knowing who their direct supervisors are = can reduce uncertainty
- Technical qualifactions = employees can be promoted
- Interepersonal reletionship = employees feeling like numbers not people = reduce in motivation
Federick Tayol and Max Webber
What are the Advantages of Classical Theorists?
- Piecemeal pay = staff motivation
- Promotional routes from tall structure organisations
- High levels of supervision
- Decision making by top managers = quick
Federick Tayol and Max Webber
What are Disadvantages of Classical Theorists?
- High tunerover and absenteenism of employees
- Employees aren’t able share idea/opinions
- Authorisation style = intimidating
- Inflexiable employees = don’t learn how to do new things
Classical School of Managment
How are Classical Theorise used today?
(5 points)
- Still used in manufacturing industries = routine processes and standardised output
- Tertiary Sector e.,g Fast Food places = focuses on small tasks to ensure effiecency
- Cannot be used in most jobs = due to piecemeal incentives not being applicable however still used in factories and call centres
- Difficult economic times = money still being a high motivator
- Businesses need to use non-financial methods to motivate staff aswell
Human Relations School of Thought
What did Elton Mayo theorise?
- Wanted to prove that employees were motivated more than just financially
- Believed Classical School treated employees like roborts
- At first believed that physical facotrs were the key to motivation in the workforce
Elton Mayo
What was the Hawthorne Experiment?
(Describe)
- Female factory workers split into 2 teams
- To investigate phydical factors and there impact
- Results = increase in productivity when changes introduced, however, changed back = output still rose
Elton Mayo
What did the Hawthore Experiment achieve?
(can be used to support describe answer)
- Concluded - social factors increased productivity
- Changes in conditions and financial rewards = little effect
- Clear communication and positive reletionships where key
- Reason as to why HR departments exists
Elton Mayo
Main conclusions of the Hawthorne Experiment?
(5 points)
- Team working = where possible as to increase social interactions
- Employees = treat them as humans
- More attention recieved = more productive employees
- Monetray incentives and good working conditions = not more important that social factors
- Ensure employees collaberate with the company rather than against it
Elton Mayo
What are the limitations of the Hawthorne Experiment?
(use in dicuss questions)
- All female workers = not a biases for everyone
- Only a small number of people = approach was narrow
- Only done on factory workers = other jobs may differ
Neo-Human Relations
Who is a part of this?
(Identify)
- Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
- Herzberg’s Motivators
- Theory X and Y
