Mammary_histophys

Question 1

mammary gland hist

Answer 1

branching duct system of glandular epithelium

gland is compound tubulo-alveolar gland ( glandular elements, ductal elements, subcut CT stroma

Question 2

hist features of nipple and arola

Answer 2

SS-keratinized, no follicles, tall dermal papillae

numerous melanocytes that give dark pigment (esp during pregnancy)

underlying dense irregular CT with abundant elastic fibers

sebaceous glands

***meissner and pacinian corpuscles

Question 3

lactiferous ducts

Answer 3

formed by individual ductule (which arise from a single alveolus)

form lactiferous sinus at the nipple duct

** may be stratified cuboidal epithelium with layer of myoepithelial ducts

Question 4

lactiferous alveoli

Answer 4

functional unit of mammary gland is lobule
simple columnar epi with rough ER, golgi, secretion granules (esp in lactating gland)

alveoli cluster around an alvolar ductule =lobule

Question 5

lobule

Answer 5

functional unit of the mammary gland

formed up clusters of alveoli surrounded by an alvolar ductule

Question 6

stroma of mammary gland

Answer 6

stroma varies from dense irregular to loose irregular interlobular CT

loose facilitates growth and expansion of alveolus

Question 7

interlobular CT

Answer 7

dense, separates lobes and lobules

structural support for breast

Question 8

intralobular CT

Answer 8

loose, surrounds and separates alveoli, allows for expansion during lactation

Question 9

innervation to mammary gland

Answer 9

superficial ( areola and nipple): rich sensory neurons

myoepithelial cells are not innervated, activated by oxytocin***

Question 10

fetal and neonate mammogenesis

Answer 10

initial appearance at 6th week of gestation: mammary ridges from ectoderm

primitive duct system (15-2- ducts in both males and tissues0

Question 11

pubertal mammogenesis

Answer 11

further growth and branching of ductal system
E2—> elaborates duct system
P—>alveoli develop

increased adiposity and CT proliferation
same effects seen during menstrual cycle

Question 12

breast cancer: premenopausal

Answer 12

treatment is inhibition of selective estrogen receptor modulator

antagonizes E2 on the breast, agonizes at bone and uterus

Question 13

lactogenic hormones

Answer 13

Prl

hPL

Question 14

mammogenic hormones

Answer 14

Prl and estrogens

Question 15

oxytocin

Answer 15

galactokinetic (milk ejection)

promotes contraction of myoepithelial cells resulting in milk ejection

increased synthesis and release via positive feedback caused by suckling, nursing, and audiovisual stimuli

Question 16

4 stages of lactation

Answer 16

1) milk synth: Prl and hPL in preg
2) lactogenesis: from alveolar cells into lumen after birth
3) galactopoiesis: maintenance of lactation (Prl)
4) milk ejection: oxy

Question 17

milk ejection

Answer 17

alveolar milk accumulates within the sinuses or ampullae

negative emotions can inhibit oxytocin and suppress milk ejection

Question 18

milk ejeciton loop

Answer 18

1) suckling stimulus
2) inhibition of DA by PIF from hypothalamus
increases prl secretion
3) stimulates hypothalamic oxy production and release from post pit
4) inhibition of hypothalamic production of GnRH (dec LH, FSH, and ovarian cycle)

Question 19

colostrum

Answer 19

thin yellowish milk stuff that is secreted in the first few days of parturition. High concentration of Igs (IgA)

Question 20

human mild

Answer 20

emlsion of fats in an aw Na containing sugar, proteins, and ions

lots more fat than cows milk with less protein