Anatomy of pelvis and perineum

Question 1

Sacrotuberous ligament

Answer 1

re-enforces the sacroiliac jt.

runs from the posterior sacrum to the ischial tuberosity

helps create the lesser sciatic foramen with the sacrospinous ligament

Question 2

Sacroiliac joint

Answer 2

R and L
reinforced by the anterior, posterior, and interosseous sacroiliac ligaments
allows for gliding and rotary motion (interosseous and sacrotuberous lig resist rotary motion)

Question 3

sacrospinous ligament

Answer 3

runs b/w the ischial spine and the inferior sacrum

creates the greater sciatic foramen above and the lesser sciatic foramen below (along with the sacrotuberous ligament)

Question 4

obturator canal

Answer 4

the open portion of the obturator foramen (ant sup.) that is not covered by obturator membrane

Question 5

terminal line

Answer 5

aka pelvic brim
above the line is major (false pelvis)-
below=minor (true) pelvis
the plane of the line is the superior aperture or the pelvic inlet

approx 50-60 deg angle

Question 6

pelvic outlet

Answer 6

inferior aperture from the tip of the coccyx to the inferior part of the pubic symphysis
made up of the lower irregular border of the pelvis, where structures like the urethra, anus, and vagina exit

Question 7

anatomical orientation of the pelvis

Answer 7

pelvic brim is tipped 50-50 deg from horizontal
base of sacrum is 4 in higher than the symphysis
ASIS and PS are in the SAME VERTICAL PLANE

Question 8

female pelvis

Answer 8

shallower major pelvis with everted iliac crests
shallower and wider minor pelvis with greater diameter

everted sciatic tubers (larger sciatic notch)
broader sacrum with less curve
superior aperture is more oval
subpubic angle is greater

Question 9

True conjugate diameter

Answer 9

from the sacrovertebral angle to superior margin of the symphysis

Question 10

diagonal conjugate

Answer 10

from sacrovertebral angle to inferior margin of the symph

Question 11

transverse diameter of pelvis

Answer 11

greatest width of the superior aperature

Question 12

oblique diameter

Answer 12

from sacroiliac articulation of one side to the iliopectineal eminence of the contralateral side (1/2 the ramus

Question 13

transverse diameter of the inferior aperture

Answer 13

b/w the inner surfaces of the ischial tuberosity

Question 14

anterior sagittal diameter of the inferior aperture

Answer 14

from the transverse diameter to they symph

Question 15

posterior sagittal

Answer 15

from the transverse diameter to the symph

Question 16

android pelvis

Answer 16

most common pelvis

heart shaped inlet

Question 17

anthropoid pelvis

Answer 17

2nd most common in males

exaggerated a/p inlet

Question 18

gynecoid pelvis

Answer 18

most common in females

oval shaped pelvic inlet

Question 19

platypelloid

Answer 19

least common in both sexes 3% of all females
exaggerated transverse inlet diameter
flat pelvic inlet

Question 20

Obturator internus

Answer 20

O: inner surface of the obturator membrane and rim
I: greater troch
A: external rotation of thigh
N: n. to obturator internus

leaves pelvis as a tendon that passes along the lesser sciatic notch covered by obturator fascia

Question 21

Piriformis

Answer 21

O: sacrum
I: greater trochanter
A: ext rot and abduction 
n: S1 and S2 ventral rami 
passes thru the greater sciatic foramen

Question 22

Levator ani: pubococcygeus

Answer 22

O: pubis 
I: coccyx and anococcygeal ligament 
A: supports the pelvic viscera 
N:  perineal branches of S3 and 4
anterior to the rectum and right and left portions are separated 

urethra of both sexes passes thru its opening

Question 23

Ilicoccygeus m.

Answer 23

O: ilium (arcus tendineus)
I: coccyx and anococcygeal ligement
A: perineal branches of S3-4
N: supports the pelvic viscera

Question 24

puborectalis

Answer 24

O: pubis
I: puborectalis m of the other side, form circular sphincter
A: supports viscera, maintains anorectal junciton
N: sacran n 3-4

Question 25

coccygeus

Answer 25

O: ischial spine and sacrotuberous lig. 
I: coccyx and lower part of sacrum 
I: S4 and 5 Ventral rami 
A: supports pelvic viscera 
most poster muscle of the pubic diaphragm

Question 26

Peritoneum of the peovis

Answer 26

does not contact the floor of the pelvis

does not contact the floor and walls of pelvis, draped over the superior aspects of the structures

Question 27

rectovesicular pouch

Answer 27

fold in the male b/w the rectum and the bladder

place for fluid to fill

Question 28

Rectouterine pouch

Answer 28

in the females, between the rectum and the uterus

Question 29

vesicouterine pouch

Answer 29

b/w the superior aspect of the urinary bladder and the uterus

Question 30

Boarders of the perineum

Answer 30

anterior: pubis
lateral: ishiopubic rami and ischial tuberosities
posterior: coxyx and sacrum
post/lat: sacrotuberous lig
superior: separated from the pelvic cavity by the pelivic diaphragm

Question 31

UG diaphragm

Answer 31

stretches anterior b.w the two ischipubic rami creating a urogenital and anal triangles

Question 32

UG diaphragm

Answer 32

muscular sheet b/w the ischipubic rami
composed of sphincter urethrae (anterior) (aka urethrovaginalis)
and deep transverse perineal muscle

anterior portion is open for the deep dorsal vein of the penis
fascia surrounds superior and inferior surface

Question 33

inferior fascia of UG diaphragm

Answer 33

known as perineal membrane

lines the internal surface of the UG diaphragm

Question 34

Superficial perineal space

Answer 34

deep to skin, inferior to perineal membrane (colle’s fascia)

contains sex stuff (erectile bodies, musculature, vessels, nn.)

Question 35

Deep perineal space

Answer 35

space b/w inf and sup fascia
contains muscles of the UG diaphragm
vessels and nn.