Malignant Disease of Ovary Flashcards
What ethnicity are at highest risk of ovarian cancer?
White women
How can you classify ovarian cancer?
Primary
Secondary
What are types of primary ovarian cancer?
Epithelial (80%)
Sex cord stromal
Germ cell
What are types of epithelial ovarian cancer?
Can be benign, malignant, borderline
Serous (high/low grade)
Mucinous
Clear Cell
Endometrioid
What aree RF for ovarian cancer?
Nulliparity IUD Endometriosis Cigarette smoking Obesity
What are protective factors for ovarian cancer?
Multiparity COCP Tubal ligation Salpingectomy Hysterectomy
What are important genes involved in ovarian cancer?
BRCA1, BRCA2 Lynch syndrome (HNPCC)
What and when is treatment offered to BRCA women?
After they have completed their family
Prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
What are common sx of ovarian cancer?
Generally non specific
Bloating/increased abdo girth
ASCITES
Persistent pelvic pain
Difficulty eating + satiety
What are rarer sx of ovarian cancer?
Change in bowel habit Urinary symptoms Backache Irregular bleed Fatigue
What will exam for ovarian cancer reveal?
Fixed, hard mass from pelvis
How do you dx ovarian cancer=?
TVUSS
What are tumour markers for borderline ovarian tumours?
Ca125 - serous epithelial
Ca 19-9 - mucinous epithelial
How do you stage ovarian cancer?
FIGO staging, 1-4
What is mx for ovarian cancer?
Surgery - laparotomy (total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, lymph node resection)
+ Chemotherapy
What type of chemo is best for ovarian cancer?
Platinum-based chemo
e.g. carboplatin
What are the two main types of sex cord stromal tumours?
Granulosa cell tumours
Sertoli-Leidig cell tumours
What are causes of secondary ovarian cancer?
breast, colon, stomach
What are secondary ovarian cancers called?
KRUKENBERG
What index can you use to triage pelvic masses / suspected ovarian cancers?
Risk of Malignant Index (RMI)
What does the Risk of Malignant Index include?
Menopausal status
Pelvic USS features
Ca125
What is Figo Stage 1 for ovarian cancer?
Confined to ovaries
What is Figo Stage 2 for ovarian cancer?
Outside ovaries, within pelvis
What is Figo Stage 3 for ovarian cancer?
Within abdomen
