Anatomy Flashcards
How do the labia minor bifurcate anteriorly at the clitoris?
- Prepuce - anterior to clitoris
- Frenulum - posterior to clitoris
What does the labia minora divide to form posteriorly?
The fourchette
What is the clitoris made up of?
Two columns of erectile and vascular tissue
Called the CORPORA CAVERNOSA
What is the cell lining in the vagina like?
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS epithelium
What are the dimensions of the vagina?
7cm anteriorly
9cm posteriorly
How does the vagina maintain a low pH
Vaginal epithelium secretes glycogen in response to oestrogen
Doderleins bacilli break down glycogen in the vagina to make lactic acid
What are the ligaments of the uterus?
UCR
Uterosacral ligament (posteriorly, to sacrum) Cardinal ligament (laterally) Round ligament (anteriorly, to labium major)
What are the three layers of the uterus?
Perimetrium - outer serious layer, continuous with the lining of the peritoneal cavity
Myometrium - middle muscular layer, contracts in childbirth
Endometrium -. inner mucosal layer, undergoes monthly changes
What is the angle of ante version?
Angle between axis of Vagina and axis of cervix (90 degrees)
What is angle of anteflexion?
Angle between axis of cervix and axis of uterus (125 degrees)
What is the normal length of the cervix?
2.5cm
What are the two openings of the cervix?
Internal os (with uterus) External os (with vagina)
What is the lining of the cervix made up of?
Lower 1/3: stratified squamous
Upper 2/3: columnar
Squamocolumnar junction
How long is the Fallopian tube?
10cm
What are the four sections of the Fallopian tube?
Isthmus
Ampulla
Infindubilum
Fimbriae
What occurs at the ampulla?
fertilisation
What cells make up the Fallopian tube epithelium?
Secretory cells - secrete tubal fluid
ciliated cells - move fluid towards the uterus
What is the size of the ovary?
3x1.5x1 cm
What factors causes changes in ovary size?
AGE - smaller at puberty, and smaller after menopause
STAGE of menstrual cycle
What ligaments attach to the ovary?
Ovarian ligament - ovary to Cornu of uterus
Suspensory ligament - ovary to peritoneum
Mesovarium - ovary to broad ligament
What does the suspensory ligament carry?
Ovarian artery, vein, nerve plexus
What structure runs posterior to the ovary?
URETER
What is the only organ NOT covered in peritoneum?
The ovary
What is the structure of each ovary?
Epithelium (single layer of cuboidal cells) Tunica albuginea (directly below epithelium, thickens with age) Cortex - contains ovarian follicles Medulla - contains neurovascular structure
What is the blood supply of each ovary?
From the ovarian artery
What drains blood from each ovary?
The ovarian vein
Right ovarian vein > IVC
Left ovarian vein> left renal vein > IVC
What is the epithelium type in the bladder and urethra?
Transitional epithelium
What volume of fluid can the bladder hold?
400ml
What is the internal meatus of the bladder also called?
Trigone
What is the key muscle of the pelvic floor?
the LEVATOR ANI
What are the muscle components of the elevator ani?
Pubococcygeus
Puborectalis
Iliococcygeus
What makes up the vaginal vault?
The internal end of the vagina 4 fornices (anterior, posterior, 2 lateral)
What is the broad ligament?
A FLAT SHEET of peritoneum that drapes over the visceral organs
What is the broad ligament continuous to
The peritoneum
Where does the broad ligament run to and from?
FROM the lateral uterus
TO the pelvic side walls
Where does the FT run relative to the broad ligament?
WITHIN the FREE UPPER EDGE of the broad ligament
What structures run within the broad ligament?
Round ligament Ovarian ligament Lymphatics Uterine vessels Nerves
What does the round ligament connect?
Uterus to labium major
What does the ovarian ligament connect=?
Ovary to uterus
What does the suspensory ligament connect?
Ovary to lateral pelvis
