Anatomy

Question 1

How do the labia minor bifurcate anteriorly at the clitoris?

Answer 1

• Prepuce - anterior to clitoris

- Frenulum - posterior to clitoris

Question 2

What does the labia minora divide to form posteriorly?

Answer 2

The fourchette

Question 3

What is the clitoris made up of?

Answer 3

Two columns of erectile and vascular tissue

Called the CORPORA CAVERNOSA

Question 4

What is the cell lining in the vagina like?

Answer 4

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS epithelium

Question 5

What are the dimensions of the vagina?

Answer 5

7cm anteriorly

9cm posteriorly

Question 6

How does the vagina maintain a low pH

Answer 6

Vaginal epithelium secretes glycogen in response to oestrogen

Doderleins bacilli break down glycogen in the vagina to make lactic acid

Question 7

What are the ligaments of the uterus?

Answer 7

UCR

Uterosacral ligament (posteriorly, to sacrum) 
Cardinal ligament (laterally) 
Round ligament (anteriorly, to labium major)

Question 8

What are the three layers of the uterus?

Answer 8

Perimetrium - outer serious layer, continuous with the lining of the peritoneal cavity

Myometrium - middle muscular layer, contracts in childbirth

Endometrium -. inner mucosal layer, undergoes monthly changes

Question 9

What is the angle of ante version?

Answer 9

Angle between axis of Vagina and axis of cervix (90 degrees)

Question 10

What is angle of anteflexion?

Answer 10

Angle between axis of cervix and axis of uterus (125 degrees)

Question 11

What is the normal length of the cervix?

Answer 11

2.5cm

Question 12

What are the two openings of the cervix?

Answer 12

Internal os (with uterus) 
External os (with vagina)

Question 13

What is the lining of the cervix made up of?

Answer 13

Lower 1/3: stratified squamous
Upper 2/3: columnar

Squamocolumnar junction

Question 14

How long is the Fallopian tube?

Answer 14

10cm

Question 15

What are the four sections of the Fallopian tube?

Answer 15

Isthmus
Ampulla
Infindubilum
Fimbriae

Question 16

What occurs at the ampulla?

Answer 16

fertilisation

Question 17

What cells make up the Fallopian tube epithelium?

Answer 17

Secretory cells - secrete tubal fluid

ciliated cells - move fluid towards the uterus

Question 18

What is the size of the ovary?

Answer 18

3x1.5x1 cm

Question 19

What factors causes changes in ovary size?

Answer 19

AGE - smaller at puberty, and smaller after menopause

STAGE of menstrual cycle

Question 20

What ligaments attach to the ovary?

Answer 20

Ovarian ligament - ovary to Cornu of uterus

Suspensory ligament - ovary to peritoneum

Mesovarium - ovary to broad ligament

Question 21

What does the suspensory ligament carry?

Answer 21

Ovarian artery, vein, nerve plexus

Question 22

What structure runs posterior to the ovary?

Answer 22

URETER

Question 23

What is the only organ NOT covered in peritoneum?

Answer 23

The ovary

Question 24

What is the structure of each ovary?

Answer 24

Epithelium (single layer of cuboidal cells) 
Tunica albuginea (directly below epithelium, thickens with age) 
Cortex - contains ovarian follicles 
Medulla - contains neurovascular structure

Question 25

What is the blood supply of each ovary?

Answer 25

From the ovarian artery

Question 26

What drains blood from each ovary?

Answer 26

The ovarian vein Right ovarian vein > IVC Left ovarian vein> left renal vein > IVC

Question 27

What is the epithelium type in the bladder and urethra?

Answer 27

Transitional epithelium

Question 28

What volume of fluid can the bladder hold?

Answer 28

400ml

Question 29

What is the internal meatus of the bladder also called?

Answer 29

Trigone

Question 30

What is the key muscle of the pelvic floor?

Answer 30

the LEVATOR ANI

Question 31

What are the muscle components of the elevator ani?

Answer 31

Pubococcygeus Puborectalis Iliococcygeus

Question 32

What makes up the vaginal vault?

Answer 32

``` The internal end of the vagina 4 fornices (anterior, posterior, 2 lateral) ```

Question 33

What is the broad ligament?

Answer 33

A FLAT SHEET of peritoneum that drapes over the visceral organs

Question 34

What is the broad ligament continuous to

Answer 34

The peritoneum

Question 35

Where does the broad ligament run to and from?

Answer 35

FROM the lateral uterus | TO the pelvic side walls

Question 36

Where does the FT run relative to the broad ligament?

Answer 36

WITHIN the FREE UPPER EDGE of the broad ligament

Question 37

What structures run within the broad ligament?

Answer 37

``` Round ligament Ovarian ligament Lymphatics Uterine vessels Nerves ```

Question 38

What does the round ligament connect?

Answer 38

Uterus to labium major

Question 39

What does the ovarian ligament connect=?

Answer 39

Ovary to uterus

Question 40

What does the suspensory ligament connect?

Answer 40

Ovary to lateral pelvis