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Y5 Gynae & Obstetrics > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How do the labia minor bifurcate anteriorly at the clitoris?

A
  • Prepuce - anterior to clitoris

- Frenulum - posterior to clitoris

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2
Q

What does the labia minora divide to form posteriorly?

A

The fourchette

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3
Q

What is the clitoris made up of?

A

Two columns of erectile and vascular tissue

Called the CORPORA CAVERNOSA

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4
Q

What is the cell lining in the vagina like?

A

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS epithelium

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5
Q

What are the dimensions of the vagina?

A

7cm anteriorly

9cm posteriorly

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6
Q

How does the vagina maintain a low pH

A

Vaginal epithelium secretes glycogen in response to oestrogen

Doderleins bacilli break down glycogen in the vagina to make lactic acid

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7
Q

What are the ligaments of the uterus?

A

UCR

Uterosacral ligament (posteriorly, to sacrum) 
Cardinal ligament (laterally) 
Round ligament (anteriorly, to labium major)
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8
Q

What are the three layers of the uterus?

A

Perimetrium - outer serious layer, continuous with the lining of the peritoneal cavity

Myometrium - middle muscular layer, contracts in childbirth

Endometrium -. inner mucosal layer, undergoes monthly changes

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9
Q

What is the angle of ante version?

A

Angle between axis of Vagina and axis of cervix (90 degrees)

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10
Q

What is angle of anteflexion?

A

Angle between axis of cervix and axis of uterus (125 degrees)

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11
Q

What is the normal length of the cervix?

A

2.5cm

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12
Q

What are the two openings of the cervix?

A 
Internal os (with uterus) 
External os (with vagina)
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13
Q

What is the lining of the cervix made up of?

A

Lower 1/3: stratified squamous
Upper 2/3: columnar

Squamocolumnar junction

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14
Q

How long is the Fallopian tube?

A

10cm

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15
Q

What are the four sections of the Fallopian tube?

A

Isthmus
Ampulla
Infindubilum
Fimbriae

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16
Q

What occurs at the ampulla?

A

fertilisation

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17
Q

What cells make up the Fallopian tube epithelium?

A

Secretory cells - secrete tubal fluid

ciliated cells - move fluid towards the uterus

18
Q

What is the size of the ovary?

A

3x1.5x1 cm

19
Q

What factors causes changes in ovary size?

A

AGE - smaller at puberty, and smaller after menopause

STAGE of menstrual cycle

20
Q

What ligaments attach to the ovary?

A

Ovarian ligament - ovary to Cornu of uterus

Suspensory ligament - ovary to peritoneum

Mesovarium - ovary to broad ligament

21
Q

What does the suspensory ligament carry?

A

Ovarian artery, vein, nerve plexus

22
Q

What structure runs posterior to the ovary?

A

URETER

23
Q

What is the only organ NOT covered in peritoneum?

A

The ovary

24
Q

What is the structure of each ovary?

A 
Epithelium (single layer of cuboidal cells) 
Tunica albuginea (directly below epithelium, thickens with age) 
Cortex - contains ovarian follicles 
Medulla - contains neurovascular structure
25
Q

What is the blood supply of each ovary?

A

From the ovarian artery

26
Q

What drains blood from each ovary?

A

The ovarian vein

Right ovarian vein > IVC
Left ovarian vein> left renal vein > IVC

27
Q

What is the epithelium type in the bladder and urethra?

A

Transitional epithelium

28
Q

What volume of fluid can the bladder hold?

A

400ml

29
Q

What is the internal meatus of the bladder also called?

A

Trigone

30
Q

What is the key muscle of the pelvic floor?

A

the LEVATOR ANI

31
Q

What are the muscle components of the elevator ani?

A

Pubococcygeus
Puborectalis
Iliococcygeus

32
Q

What makes up the vaginal vault?

A 
The internal end of the vagina 
4 fornices (anterior, posterior, 2 lateral)
33
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A

A FLAT SHEET of peritoneum that drapes over the visceral organs

34
Q

What is the broad ligament continuous to

A

The peritoneum

35
Q

Where does the broad ligament run to and from?

A

FROM the lateral uterus

TO the pelvic side walls

36
Q

Where does the FT run relative to the broad ligament?

A

WITHIN the FREE UPPER EDGE of the broad ligament

37
Q

What structures run within the broad ligament?

A 
Round ligament 
Ovarian ligament 
Lymphatics
Uterine vessels 
Nerves
38
Q

What does the round ligament connect?

A

Uterus to labium major

39
Q

What does the ovarian ligament connect=?

A

Ovary to uterus

40
Q

What does the suspensory ligament connect?

A

Ovary to lateral pelvis

Y5 Gynae & Obstetrics (34 decks)

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