Benign Conditions of Cervix, Uterus, Endometrium Flashcards
What are the three components of the cervix
Ectocervix
External os
Endocervical canal
What is the ectocervix?
Vaginal part of the cervix
Lined in thick non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
Where is the external os visible?
At the centre of the ectocervix as a dark circular area
What is the endocervical canal lined in?
Simple columnar epithelium
What is a cervical ectropion?
A visible columnar epithelium on the endocervix
Appears as a round, red area
Physiologycal
What are triggers for a cervical ectropion?
3Ps
Pill
Puberty
Pregnancy
What are symptoms of a cervical ectropion?
Intermentstrual, poistoctal bleeding
Mucous (excessive, clear, odourless)
How do you (ix+) manage a cervical ectropion?
CONSIDER SMEAR / BIOSPY FOR CERVICAL CANCER
Cervical and lower genital tract swabs to exclude STI
Change from oestrogen based hormonal contraceptive
Cervical ablation
What should you double check when investigating cervical ectropion?
Cervical, lower genital tract swab - STI
Smear - cervical malignancy
What is a nabothian follicle?
When columnar glands in transformation zone seal over, forming small cysts on ectocervix
How do you treat nabothian follicles?
NO treatment required
What are cervical polyps?
Benign tumours from endocervical epithelium
What do cervical polyps look like?
Smooth reddish protrusions
How are cervical polyps removed?
By avulsion, with polyp forceps
What is cervical stenosis?
Pathological narrowing of endocervical canal
What causes cervical stenosis?
Iatrogenic
What does cervical stenosis cause?
Entrapment of blood within uterus (haematometra) causing cyclical dysmenorrhoea with no menstrual bleeding
How do you treat cerbical stenosis?
Surgical dilatation of cervix
What are endometrial polyps?
Focal endometrial outgrowths
What are RF for endometrial polyps?
Obesity
Late menopause
Tamoxifen, HRT
How do polyps respond to hormonal changes?
They DONT
How do you investigate polyps’
TVUSS
Hysteroscopy
How do you manage endometrial polyps?
Polypectomy (surgical) - through hysteroscopy (day case)
Small one resolve alone