malignant bone tumours Flashcards
what are the types of malignant bone tumours?
osteosarcoma
chondrosarcoma
Ewing’s sarcoma
myeloma
what is an osteosarcoma?
tumour that produces bone
where is an osteosarcoma usually found?
at knee in adolescents
how does a patient with osteosarcoma present?
constant pain worse at night
loss of appetite
weight loss
fatigue
what is the management of osteosarcoma?
chemotherapy
what is a chondrosarcoma?
cartilage producing primary bone tumour
where is a chondrosarcoma usually found?
proximal femur
pelvis in 45 y/o
how does a patient with chondrosarcoma usually present?
back/thigh pain
sciatica
bladder symptoms
unilateral oedema
what is the management of chondrosarcoma?
surgical resection (no chemo/radio)
what is Ewing’s sarcoma?
primary bone tumour of uncertain origin
where does Ewing’s sarcoma affect?
long bones (femur) in teens
what is the genetic defect in Ewing’s sarcoma?
translocation between chromosome 11 and 12
how does a patient wit Ewing’s sarcoma usually present?
fever, raised inflammatory markers, warm swelling in affected area
what is the management of Ewing’s sarcoma?
chemo + radiotherapy
what is a myeloma?
malignant proliferation of plasma cells from bone marrow
what is seen in an x-ray of someone with myeloma?
hole punches
how does a patient with myeloma usually present?
weakness
back/bone pain
weight loss
anaemia
what is the investigation for myeloma?
plasma protein electrophoresis
what is the management for myeloma?
single lesion - radio
multiple lesions - chemo
