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REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY > MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

INTRODUCTION TO THE RERODUCTIVE SYSTEM.

_____1____ is an important function of living things, including man.

Reproductive system ensures the continuation of the species.
In humans, reproduction involves the two sexes, male and female.

Each gender has specialized ______________ _____ that make the reproductive process possible

A
  1. Reproduction

2. reproductive organs

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2
Q

Primary sex organ: _______

Accessory sex organ: ________, ________, _________, _______ and ________

The external genital male organs; ______, _______, ______

The remaining sex organs constitute the_______ _____

A
  1. Testis
  2. Seminal vesicle, Prostate gland, Urethra and Penis
  3. Scrotum, penis and urethra
  4. internal genitalia
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3
Q

Primary sex organ are the _______

it is situated in a sac like structure called the

A

Testis

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4
Q

Accessory sex organ include ________, ________, _________, _______ and ________

A

Seminal vesicle, Prostate gland, Urethra and Penis

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5
Q

The external genital male organs arethe ______, _______, ______

A

Scrotum, penis and urethra

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6
Q

The remaining sex organs constitute the_______ _____

A

internal genitalia

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7
Q

The testes are ________ or _________ shaped bodies having the organization of compound ________ gland

A
  1. ovoid or walnut shaped

2. tubular gland

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8
Q

The testes is situated in a sac like structure called the _________

A

scrotum

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9
Q

Each testis weighs about __ to __ grams

and measures ___ x ___ cm

A
  1. 15 to 19 grams

2. 5 x 3cm

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10
Q

the testes contains ______ coiled tubules known as _______ _______ which produce _______ .

A
  1. 900
  2. seminiferous tubules
  3. sperms

Nb: the seminiferous tubules are located in the testes to produce sperm

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11
Q

Seminiferous tubules continued as the _____________ ,

the Vas efferens continues as the form _________ ,

the epididymis continued as the ______________.

A
  1. Vas efferens
  2. epididymis
  3. vas deferens
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12
Q

Each testis is enclosed by three coverings:

  2. 3.
A
  1. Tunica Vasculosa ( Innermost covering)
  2. Tunica Albuginea ( middle covering)
  3. Tunica Vaginalis (outermost covering)
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13
Q

Tunica Vasculosa ( Innermost covering) is made up of ___________ and is rich in ____________

A
  1. connective tissue

2. blood vessels

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14
Q

Tunica Albuginea ( middle covering) is made up of _______ _______ capsule.

A

dense fibrous

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15
Q

Tunica Vaginalis (outermost covering) is foremed by _________ and ________ layers.

NB: These layers glide on one another and allow free movement of the testes.

A

visceral and parietal layers

nb: These layers glide on one another and allow free movement of the testes.

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16
Q

The testes has:

  1. about _____ to ______ lobules

2.

A
  1. 200 to 300
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17
Q

The seminiferous tubules is formed by three layers:

NB: The Complex stratified epithelium consist of two types of cells (Germ cell or Spermatogenic cells and Sertoli Cells or supporting cells)

A
  1. The outer capsule formed by fibroelastic connective tissue
  2. A thin homogeneous basement membrane
  3. The Complex stratified epithelium

NB: The Complex stratified epithelium consist of two types of cells (Germ cell or Spermatogenic cells and Sertoli Cells or supporting cells)

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18
Q

______________ or ____________ are cell containing half the number of chromosomes of a somatic cell and able to unite with one from the opposite sex to form a new individual; a gamete

A

Germ cells or spermatogenic cells

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19
Q

_________ or _________ are cells which provide support, protection and nourishment for spermatogenic cells present in the seminiferous tubules e.t.c

A

Sertoli cells or supporting cells

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20
Q

what are Germ cells or spermatogenic cells?

A

cell containing half the number of chromosomes of a somatic cell and able to unite with one from the opposite sex to form a new individual; a gamete

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21
Q

what are sertoli cells or supporting cells?

A

are cells which provide support, protection and nourishment for spermatogenic cells present in the seminiferous tubules e.t.c

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22
Q

At the apex of each seminiferous lobule, the convoluted tubules unite with a narrow straight tubules to form a network of thin walled channels called the __________

A

rete testis

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23
Q

The hormone secreting cells of the testes are __________________

A

Interstitial cells of leydig or Leydig cells

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24
Q

The function of the testes can be divided into two :

A
  1. Gametogenic Function
  2. Endocrine Function

NB: Gametogenic function: this is the production of gametes or sperm in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. (SPERMATOGENESIS)

Endocrine function: the secretion of male sex hormones.

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25
Q

___________ is the process by which the male gametes called spermatozoa (sperm) are formed from the primitive germ cells

A

SPERMATOGENESIS (GAMETOGENIC FUNCTION OF THE TESTIS)

26
Q

What is spermatogenesis ?

NB: It takes 74 days for the formation of sperm from the primitive germ cells.

A

the process by which the male gametes called spermatozoa (sperm) are formed from the primitive germ cells

NB: It takes 74 days for the formation of sperm from the primitive germ cells.

27
Q

It takes days for the formation of sperm from the primitive germ cells.

A

74 days

28
Q

_____________ is the process by which spermatids become matured spermatozoa.

A

SPERMEOGENESIS

29
Q

What is spermeogenesis?

A

is the process by which spermatids become matured spermatozoa.

30
Q

_________ this is the process by which the matured sperms are released from the Sertoli cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules

A

SPERMINATION

31
Q

what is spermiation?

A

this is the process by which the matured sperms are released from the sertoli cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules

32
Q

ROLE OF SERTOLI CELLS IN SPERMATOGENESIS:

  1. Support and _______ the germ cell
  2. Provide hormonal substances necessary for ___________
  3. Secrete _________________ (ABP) which is important for testosterone activity especially on spermatogenesis.
  4. It releases sperms into the lumen of ___________________ (spermination)
A
  1. nourish
  2. spermatogenesis
  3. androgen binding proteins
  4. seminiferous tubules
33
Q

The testes secrete male sex hormones collectively known as _________________

A

ANDROGENS

NB: EXAMPLES OF ANDROGENS INCLUDE:

  1. Testosterone
  2. Dihydrotestosterone
  3. Andeostenedione
34
Q

Androgens are secreted in large quantities by the _______ and in small quantity by the adrenal gland (zona reticularis of adrenal cortex____________________)

A

testes, zona reticularis of adrenal cortex

35
Q

In the testes, the androgens are secreted by the interstitial cells of ______

A

leydig cells

36
Q

Androgens are steroid hormones synthesized from __________ and they can also be synthesized directly from ________.

A

cholesterol, acetate

37
Q

The plasma level of testosterone:

in an adult male: ranges ______ and ______ mg/dL

In adult female the level is ___ to _____mg/dL

A
  1. 300 and 700 mg/dL

2. 30 to 60mg/dL

38
Q

In many target tissues, testosterone is converted into ____________ which is the most active androgen

A

dihydrotestosterone

39
Q

________ is the most active androgen

A

dihydrotestosterone

40
Q

The fetal testes begins to secrete testosterone at about ______ to ____ month of fetal life.

A

2nd to 4th

41
Q

In sex differentiation

if testosterone is secreted about ____ to _____ week of intrauterine life ___________ disappears.

___________ (MRF) secreted by the sertoli cells is also responsible for regression of mullerian duct.

A

6th to 7th

Mullerian duct

Mullerian regressive factor

42
Q

Descent of the testes:

The testes developed in the abdominal cavity and later pushed down into the scrotum through the ______________ just before birth.

The process by which the testes enter the scrotum is called the _______ of ________

A

inguinal canal

descent of testes

43
Q

The process by which the testes enter the scrotum is called the_______________

A

descent of testes.

44
Q

____________ is a congenital disorder characterized by failure of one or both the testes to descent from the abdomen into the scrotum.

A

Cryptorchidism

45
Q

what is Cryptorchidism?

A

it is a congenital disorder characterized by failure of one or both the testes to descent from the abdomen into the scrotum.

46
Q

TREATMENT OF CRYPTOCHIDISM:

  1. Administration of ___________ (which simulates Leydig cells) causes descent of the testes provided the inguinal canal is large enough to allow the passage of the testes.

NB: Surgery is required if the inguinal canal is narrow

A

testosterone

47
Q

TREATMENT OF CRYPTOCHIDISM:

A
  1. Administration of Testosterone (which simulates Leydig cells) causes descent of the testes provided the inguinal canal is large enough to allow the passage of the testes.

NB: Surgery is required if the inguinal canal is narrow

48
Q

Function of testosterone:

Testosterone has two important functions:

A
  1. Effect on sex organs

2. Effect on secondary sexual characters

49
Q

Function of testosterone:

Testosterone has two important functions:

  1. Effect on ____ organs
  2. Effect on secondary ______ characters
A

sex, sexual

50
Q

FUNCTION OF TESTOSTERON ON:

Effect on sex organs :

  1. It increases the size of the _____, ____, and ______ between the onset of puberty and the age of 20 years.
A

penis, scrotum and the testes

51
Q

FUNCTION OF TESTOSTERON ON:

Effect on sex organs :

1.

A

It increases the size of the penis, scrotum and the testes between the onset of puberty and the age of 20 years.

52
Q

FUNCTION OF TESTOSTERON ON:

Effect on secondary sexual characters:

7.

A
  1. Muscular growth
  2. Increase in the thickness of bone with deposition of calcium.
  3. broadens the shoulders and lengthen the pelvis
  4. increases the thickness of the skin
  5. Deepens the voice
  6. increases rbc count thus increasing blood volume thus increasing water retention and ecf volume
  7. it causes early fusion of epiphyses of long bone with shaft. If testes are removed before puberty, the fusion of the epiphyses is delayed and the height of the person increases.
53
Q

FUNCTION OF TESTOSTERON ON:

Effect on secondary sexual characters:

  1. ________ growth
  2. Increase in the thickness of ____ with deposition of calcium.
  3. broadens the _______ and lengthen the pelvis
  4. increases the thickness of the _____
  5. Deepens the_____
  6. increases ___ count thus increasing blood volume thus increasing water retention and ecf volume
  7. it causes early fusion of ________ of long bone with shaft. If testes are removed before puberty, the fusion of the epiphyses is delayed and the height of the person increases.
A
  1. Muscular
  2. bone
  3. shoulders
  4. skin
  5. voice
  6. rbc

epiphyses

54
Q

______________ is the condition in men characterized by emotional and physical changes in the body due to low level of androgen with aging.

A

Male andropause or climacteric or Viropause

55
Q

In male Andropause or Viropause

At age 50, the level of testosterone secretion starts _________ , resulting to decrease in the number and secretory activity of ______ cells

NB: The low level of testosterone increases the secretion of FSH and LH

A

declining, leydig

56
Q

The low level of testosterone increases the secretion of _________________FSH and _____________ LH

A

Follicle Simulating Hormone and Luitenizing Hormone

57
Q

___________ is the condition characterized by hypersecretion of sex hormones from the gonads.

it is caused due to tumor of the Leydig cells

The tumor also secrete estrogenic hormones which cause gynecomastia ( enlargement of the breast)

A

Hypergonadism in males

58
Q

___________ is the condition characterized by the reduction or absence of sex hormones from the gonads.

A

Hypogonadism in males

59
Q

Hypergonadism in males is caused due to tumor of the _________ cells

The tumor also secrete estrogenic hormones which cause gynecomastia ( enlargement of the breast)

A

Leydig cells, gynecomastia

60
Q

_____________ is characterized by obesity and hypogonadism in adolescent boys.

A

Froelich syndrome or Adiposogenital Dystrophy

REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY (4 decks)

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