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REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY > FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM I > Flashcards

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM I Flashcards

1
Q

The function of the Female Reproductive System

3.

A
  1. Produce sex hormones
  2. Produce functioning gametes [ova]
  3. Support & protect developing embryo
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2
Q

The function of the Female Reproductive System

  1. Produce ___ hormones
  2. Produce functioning ______ [ova]
  3. Support & protect developing ______
A
  1. sex
  2. gametes
  3. embryo
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3
Q

The female reproductive system includes:

  1. O__ies [ gonads]
  2. U__ine tubes [ fallopian tubes]
  3. U__rus
  4. Va__a
  5. Ac___ory glands
  6. Ex___al genitalia
  7. Br__sts
A
  1. Ovaries [ gonads]
  2. Uterine tubes [ fallopian tubes]
  3. Uterus
  4. Vagina
  5. Accessory glands
  6. External genitalia
  7. Breasts
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4
Q

The female reproductive system includes:

A
  1. Ovaries [ gonads]
  2. Uterine tubes [ fallopian tubes]
  3. Uterus
  4. Vagina
  5. Accessory glands
  6. External genitalia
  7. Breasts
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5
Q

________ are flattened ovoid bodies with dimension of 4cm, 2cm and 1cm.

A

Ovaries

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6
Q

Each ovary is attached at hilum to the broad ligament by means of ________ and _______ _________

A

mesovarium, ovarian ligament

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7
Q

At hilum, the connective tissue of mesovarium and ovarian ligament is continuous with _________ __________

A

ovarian stroma.

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8
Q

_________ formation and extrusion of mature ova

A

Oogenesis

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9
Q

secretion of 4 hormones which are ________ _____ _____ and __________

A

estrogen, progesterone, relaxin and androgens.

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10
Q

_______ is the lower constricted part of the uterus.

A

cervix

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11
Q

The Cervix is divided into two portions:

  1. the upper ______ portion
  2. the lower ______portion.

The supravaginal portion of the cervix secretes mucus.

A
  1. supravaginal

2. vaginal

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12
Q

The_______ connects with the vagina and serves as a sphincter to keep the uterus closed during pregnancy until it is time for delivery

A

cervix

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13
Q

_______ is a distensible tubular passage that leads from the external genitalia to the uterus.

A

Vagina

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14
Q

The Vagina Functions in two ways:

  1. accepting the _____ and sperm during intercourse
  2. D___ery
A
  1. penis

2. Delivery

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15
Q

_______ are also called the oviducts

A

Fallopian tubes

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16
Q

____________ is a rhythmical series of physiological changes that occur in fertile women,
it is
under the control of the endocrine system
and
Necessary for reproduction

A

Menstrual cycle

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17
Q

The average length for the menstrual cycle is __ days, but typically varies, with shorter and longer cycles

A

28 days

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18
Q

___________ is thr first menstruaton,
Occurs around age __
Occurrence depends on overall health and diet

A

Menarche,

12

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19
Q

__________ is the end of a woman’s reproductive phase, commonly occurs between ages __ and __

A

Menopause

45 and 55

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20
Q

Age of menopause is largely the result of __________

A

genetics

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21
Q

Menstrual cycle can be divided into 3 phases:

  1. __________ phase
  2. proliferative / ________ phase (estrogen)
  3. secretory / _______ phase phase (progesterone)
A
  1. menstrual
  2. follicular
  3. luteal
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22
Q

Menstrual cycle can be divided into 3 phases:

A
  1. menstrual phase
  2. proliferative / follicular phase (estrogen)
  3. secretory/luteal phase (progesterone)
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23
Q

Physiological changes during menstrual cycle can be observed at three different levels:

  1. ne____docrine level
  2. ov___s
  3. u___s
A
  1. neuroendocrine
  2. ovaries
  3. uterus
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24
Q

Physiological changes during menstrual cycle can be observed at three different levels:

A
  1. neuroendocrine
  2. ovaries
  3. uterus
25
Q

FOLLICULAR PHASE

The rise of _______1._____ (FSH) during the first days of the cycle, stimulate several ovarian follicles

The follicle that reaches maturity is called a _______ follicle

The follicles secrete ________ , which thickens the new functional layer of endometrium in the uterus

Estrogen also stimulates crypts in the cervix to produce fertile __________ _______

At the end of this phase _________ occur
LH is necessary for follicular growth and ovulation.

A
  1. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
  2. Graafian
  3. estrogen
  4. cervical mucus
  5. ovulation
26
Q

In the Follicular Phase there is an increase in _____________ (FSH)

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

27
Q

The follicle that reaches maturity is known as _____________

A

Graafian Follicle

28
Q

Estrogen can be secreted by:

  1. The ______ Follicle (second)
  2. ____ Luteum
A
  1. Ovarian

2. Corpus

29
Q

Estrogen can be secreted by:

A
  1. The Ovarian Follicle (second)

2. Corpus Luteum

30
Q

___________ LH is necessary for follicular growth and ovulation.

A

luteinizing hormone

31
Q

OVULATION

During the follicular phase, estrogen ______1___ production of luteinizing hormone (LH)

When the ovum has nearly matured, estrogen ___2_____ production of LH (positive feedback loop)

The release of LH causes the fully developed follicle to release its ____3____ oocyte

After being released from the ovary, the ovum is swept into the ________ tube

A
  1. suppresses
  2. stimulate
  3. secondary
  4. fallopian
32
Q

luteinizing Hormone is ______1_____ in the Follicular phase

while

luteinizing Hormone is ______2______ on the Ovulation Phase

A
  1. Suppressed

2. Stimulated

33
Q

LUTEAL PHASE

______1______ is a solid body formed in an ovary after the ovum has been released into the fallopian tube

Produces significant amounts of progesterone, which make ______2______ receptive to implantation of the blastocyst

High levels of Estrogen and Progesterone _____3_____ production of FSH and LH
Low levels of progesterone trigger menstruation and the beginning of the next cycle

A
  1. Corpus luteum
  2. endometrium
  3. suppress
34
Q

High levels of of Estrogen and Progesterone Suppress production of ____________ FSH and ____________ LH

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone and luteinizing hormone

35
Q

___________ is a solid body formed in an ovary after the ovum has been released into the fallopian tube

A

Corpus luteum

36
Q

progesterone aid to :

  1. Maintain the __________ layer of the uterus
    and

2, makes the endometrium layer receptive to __________ of the blastocyst

A
  1. endometrium

2. implantation

37
Q

Low levels of _________ trigger menstruation and the beginning of the next cycle

Nb: this is because progesterone maintains the layer of the uterus thus low levels of it means the endometrium degrades and causing discharge of blood

A

progesterone

Nb: this is because progesterone maintains the layer of the uterus thus low levels of it means the endometrium degrades and causing discharge of blood

38
Q

Menstruation lasts __ days

39
Q

Menstruation result of the previous menstrual cycle

Due to strong vasoconstriction and proteolytic activity, functional stratum of endometrial tissue dies and is discharged during _______ bleeding

Endometrium becomes very thin, but due to low _______ levels, hypophysis secretes more FSH

FSH stimulates secretion of estrogen, and estrogen serves as _________ signal to the endometrial basal layer

A
  1. menstrual
  2. estrogen
  3. proliferation
40
Q

The regulatory system of menstrual cycle includes _______. _______, ____________

A

hypothalamus, anterior pituitary and ovary

41
Q

The regulatory system functions through the hormones of _______________________ axis.

A

hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis.

42
Q

The hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis hormones are:

Hypothalamic hormone- ____________________________

Anterior pituitary hormones –____ and ______

Ovarian hormones- _________ and ____________

A

(GnRH) gonadotrophin- releasing hormone

FSH and LH

Estrogen and progesterone

43
Q

Estrogen and progesterone are secreted by the

A
  1. Ovarian follicle

2. corpus luteum

44
Q

___________ is absent during the follicular phase till prior to ovulation

A

Progesterone

45
Q

__________ plays a critical role during luteal phase

A

Progesterone

46
Q

__________ is responsible for the growth of follicles

47
Q

Both __________ and _________ hormones act together to produce the changes in uterus, cervix and vagina

A

estrogen and progesterone

48
Q

The secretion of GnRH, FSH and LH is regulated by ______________

A

ovarian hormones

49
Q

MENSTURAL CYCLE ABNORMALITIES:

What is Anovulation?

A

the lack or absence of ovulation (the release of an egg)

50
Q

MENSTURAL CYCLE ABNORMALITIES:

What is Hypomenorrhea?

A

extremely light menstrual blood flow
or

Decreased menstrual bleeding

51
Q

________ the condition characterized with extremely light menstrual blood flow or Decreased menstrual bleeding

A

Hypomenorrhea

52
Q

MENSTURAL CYCLE ABNORMALITIES:

What is Metrorrhagia ?

A

Uterine bleeding in between menstruations

53
Q

_______ is a condition characterized with Uterine bleeding in between menstruations

A

Metrorrhagia

54
Q

MENSTURAL CYCLE ABNORMALITIES:

What is Oligomenorrhea ?

A

infrequent menstrual periods

55
Q

________ is a condition characterized with infrequent menstrual periods

A

Oligomenorrhea

56
Q

MENSTURAL CYCLE ABNORMALITIES:

What is Amenorrhea?

A

absence of menstruation one or more missed menstrual periods.

57
Q

________ is a condition characterized with absence of menstruation one or more missed menstrual periods.

A

Amenorrhea

58
Q

MENSTURAL CYCLE ABNORMALITIES:

What is Polymenorrhea?

A

a menstrual cycle that is shorter than 21 days

59
Q

________ is a condition characterized with a menstrual cycle that is shorter than 21 days

A

Polymenorrhea

REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY (4 decks)

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