Male Reproductive System

Question 1

The epididymus is ___ to the deferent duct.

Answer 1

Lateral

Question 2

Which species have a “head to head” orientation of the testes?

Answer 2

Horse and dog

Question 3

Which species have a (slightly) downward-pointing epididymus?

Answer 3

Pig and cat

Question 4

Which species have vertical testes?

Answer 4

Ruminants

Question 5

What is unusual about the mediastinum in the horse (and human)?

Answer 5

It is more cranially located, rather than centrally located.

Question 6

Where is the parietal vaginal tunic of the testes found?

Answer 6

Attaches to dorsal surface of tail of epididymus

Question 7

The gap between the body of the epididymus and the testes is called the

Answer 7

Testicular bursa

Question 8

In which species does the opening of the ductus deferens (seminal colliculus) open with the ejaculatory ducts of the vesicular glands?

Answer 8

Horse and ruminants

Question 9

The ductus deferens of which species does NOT have an ampulla?

Answer 9

Pig

Question 10

In which species do the ductus deferens and vesicular glands NOT share a common opening?

Answer 10

Pig - separate openings

Dog - b/c no vesicular gland

Question 11

Why is the colliculus seminalis NOT endoscopically accessible in ruminants (unlike the horse?)

Answer 11

1. Small urethral opening
2. Penis has a sigmoid flexure
3. Diverticulum of the bulbourethral gland (also prevents catheterization)

Question 12

Which species has a preprostatic and postprostatic urethra?

Answer 12

Cat

Question 13

The dog has only which accessory sexual gland?

Answer 13

Prostate

Question 14

In which species can the vesicular glands be palpated per rectum?

Answer 14

Horse/Stallion

Cow/Bull

Question 15

What is unusual about the pig’s vesicular glands?

Answer 15

They are triangular

They are the largest

Question 16

In which species does the prostate gland have both a body and disseminate parts?

Answer 16

Cow

Pig (extensive disseminate)

Question 17

Which part of the prostate gland is present in small ruminants?

Answer 17

Disseminate part only

Question 18

Which animal has a bi-lobed prostate gland?

Answer 18

Horse

Question 19

On what bone does the bulbourethral gland sit?

Answer 19

Ischial arch

Question 20

What are the main differences between the bulbourethral glands of the horse and cow?

Answer 20

Horse - multiple ducts and large

Cow - single duct - the bulbourethral pouch (prevents insertion of catheter in penis)
Smaller and bi-lobar

Question 21

Which species has the largest bulbourethral gland?

Answer 21

Pig

Question 22

Which animals have fibroelastic penises?

Answer 22

Pig and ruminants

Question 23

Which animals have musculocavernous penises?

Answer 23

Stallion and dog

Question 24

What are the three internal layers of the horse penis?

Answer 24

Corpus cavernousum - extends into the glans (no os penis)

Corpus spongiosum - surrounds urethra

Dorsal process and erectile tissue of glans - these are extensions of the corpus spongiosum. The dorsal process of the glands is even more dorsal than the corpus cavernosum

Question 25

What are the external parts of the stallion penis?

Answer 25

Distal to proximal:

Urethral process (hole)

Corona glands (crown)

Collum glandis (circular band behind bulb)

Dorsal process of penis

2 muscles lie ventrally:

• Bulbospongiosus m.
  
  • Runs along whole length of penis in the horse; striated
• Retractor penis m. (most ventral)

Question 26

Where is the fossa glandis?

Answer 26

Circular “moat” around urethral process in the horse penis

Question 27

What are the two ligaments of the penis in the horse (one is exclusive to the horse)?

Answer 27

Crura of penis (common)
- Attaches to ischial tuberosities

*Suspensory ligament - attaches to the pubis (cranial to the crura of penis)

Question 28

What is the apical ligament and in which species is it found?

Answer 28

Extension of tunica albuginea on ventral penis; not attached to to tunica albuginea

ONLY in the bull

Question 29

Which penile deviations can be fixed in the bull and which cannot?

Answer 29

Ventral deviation and corkscrew can be fixed (apical ligament too long or bent)

S-shaped cannot (apical ligament too short)

Question 30

Which structure is unique to the sheep/ram glans?

Answer 30

Tuberculum spongiosum

- Extension of corpus spongiosium under the glans on the left (visible on the outside)

Question 31

What is the difference between the penis of the pig and ruminants?

Answer 31

Pig - sigmoid flexure is pre-scrotal

Ruminant - sigmoid flexure is post-scrotal

Question 32

Which species lacks a glans penis?

Answer 32

Pig

Question 33

When the corpus cavernosum ends in the dog, which muscles come next (moving cranially and dorsal to the os penis)? Which is involved in the “tie”?

Answer 33

Bulbus glandis ("tie")
Pars longa glandis

Question 34

What is unusual about the cat penis?

Answer 34

Keratinized spines on tip

Question 35

How is the prepuce organized in the horse vs ruminants?

Answer 35

Ruminants/pig/dog:
Outer glandular lamina
Inner non-glandular lamina

Horse:
Outer/inner glandular lamina
(Deeper): Preputial fold w/ outer glandular lamina and inner non-glangular lamina

Question 36

In the cow, both preputial muscles (cranial and caudal) form from which muscle?

Answer 36

Cutaneous trunci

Question 37

The dorsal part of the pig prepuce has a unique structure called the

Answer 37

Preputial diverticulum

has glands

Question 38

Ruminants ejaculate ____

Answer 38

small volumes of concentrated semen

Question 39

In which species should the testes descend PRIOR to birth?

Answer 39

Ruminants/pigs

Question 40

From cranial to caudal, the arteries of the stallion penis are

Answer 40

1. External pudendal
2. Obturator (corpus cavernosum)
3. Internal pudendal (corpus spongiosum)

Question 41

Arteries of the bull penis

Answer 41

Internal pudendal a. branches:

Dorsal artery of penis
Deep artery of penis
Artery of the bulb of the penis