Kidney

Question 1

Which species have unipyramidal kidneys?

Answer 1

Carnivores
SMALL ruminants
Horses/camelids

Question 2

Which species have multipyramidal kidneys?

Answer 2

Cattle

Pig

Question 3

Which species have a pelvic recess?

Answer 3

Dog, cat, small ruminants

Question 4

Horse Kidneys

Answer 4

Right

• Heart-shaped
• 16th rib -> L1
• Blocked from rectal palpation by CECUM

Left

• Bean-shaped
• Last (18th) rib -> L2, L3
• Renosplenic ligament

Question 5

What are the divisions of the renal crest in the horse?

Answer 5

Area cribosa - directly above renal pelvis (which is much smaller than renal crest in the horse)

Terminal recesses - on either side of renal pelvis

Question 6

Large Ruminant Kidneys

Answer 6

Right

• Flat oval
• Last rib -> L3
• VENTROcranial hilus

Left

• Pear-shaped; thickens caudally
• L3, L4, L5
• DORSAL hilus

Both

• No renal pelvis
• Minor calyces drain into 2 major calyces

Question 7

Pig kidneys

Answer 7

• Cortex fused, medulla isn’t
• Each papilla has its own calyx
• All calyces empty into a renal pelvis (unlike cow)
• Symmetrical; right does not touch liver
• L1, L2, L3

Question 8

What is a feature unique to cat kidneys?

Answer 8

Capsular veins

Question 9

The right kidney does not touch the liver in which two species?

Answer 9

1. Pigs

2. Small camelids

Question 10

Which two species possess a renosplenic ligament?

Answer 10

Horse

Camelids

Question 11

Which species have a “floating” left kidney?

Answer 11

1. Ruminants

2. Cat

Question 12

Compare and contrast the placement of the bladder in the horse and the cow

Answer 12

Horse:

• cranial half is peritoneal (abdominal)
• caudal half is retroperitoneal

Cow
- Entirely in peritoneum (abdomen)

Question 13

Which innervation controls urination, bladder-filling, and voluntary control?

Answer 13

Urination
- Parasympathetic = pelvic n.

Filling
- Sympathetic = hypogastric n.

Voluntary
- Pudendal n.