Male Reproductive System Flashcards by Trina Krizelda Oandasan

Type of gland - Testis

Compound Tubular Gland

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Undescended testis

Cryptochordism

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Solution/procedure to resolve Cryptochordism

Orchidopexy

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Double layer of the testis mesothelium with a potential space

Tunica Vaginalis

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Also called testicular capsule

Tunica albugine

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Layer of the testis, dense fibroelastic CT with smooth muscle cells

Tunica albuginea

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Thickest, most prominent layer of the testis layers

Tunica Albuginea

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3 layers of the testis:

T. Vaginalis
T. Albuginea
T. Vasculosa

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The seminiferous tubules have thick or thin basal lamina?

Thin basal lamina

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Epithelium of the seminiferous tubules is

Germinal or Seminiferous Epithelium with complex stratified epithelium

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Tunica propria of fibroelastic CT around tubules is present

Peritubular tissue

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What type of cells are present within the seminiferous epithelium

Sustentacular or Sertoli Cells

Spermatogenic Cells

Spermatogonia
Spermtocytes
Spermatids

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Tall columnar pillar-like cells extending upward through the full thickness of the epithelium found bet spermatogenic cells

Sertoli cells

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Thin cytoplasmic processes surrounds the spermatogenic cells

Sertoli Cells

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Crystalloids of Charcot-Bottcher

Sertoli Cells

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Plays an active role in the release of spermatozoa

Sertoli cells

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They have phagocytic activity -digest cytoplasmic fragements

Sertoli

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Steroid production from progesterone

Sertoli

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What does sertoli cells secrete

Androgen binding protein and inhibin

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Plays a role in Receptor mediated binding of testosterone and metabolism to DHT

Sertoli

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Serves as a conduit for the passage of nutrients from the blood vascular system to the spermatocytes and spermatids

Sertoli

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What forms the blood testis barrier?

Sertoli cells attached by occluding junctions that divide the seminiferous tubules into 2 compartments that impede passage of substances occupied by spermatogonia.

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This compartment of the BT comprises the interstitial space and the spaces occupied by the spermatogonia

Basal compartment

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This compartment of the BT barrier comprises the tubule lumen and the intercellular spaces down to the level of the occluding junctions.

Adluminal

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Where spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatozoa are

Adluminal compartment

What happens to the cytoplasmic residues from spermatids

Undergo phagocytosis by the sertoli cells and are digested by lysozomal enzymes

Spermatogenic cells are ______ layers from the b. lamina to the lumen

4-8

The spermatogenic cells differentiate progressive from basal region to the lumen

Mema

Most mature spermatogenic cells are closer to the A. Basal region? B. Luminal region

Luminal region

3 phases of spermatogenesis

1. Spermatocytogenesis 2. Meiosis 3. Spermiogenesis

Phase of spermatogenesis that undergo 2 maturation division which reduce the chromosomal number by half & produce a cluster of spermatids

Meiosis

Spermatids undergo a series of cytological transformation leading to —> spermatozoa

Spermiogenesis

Most primitive spermatogonia give rise to several successive generations of spermatogonia and yields spermatocytes

Spermatocytogenesis

Cells of subsequent sperm divisions stay connected by

Intercellular cytoplasmic bridges

Basic structural feature of the spermatozoon is the

Head

Head of spermatozoon consists primarily of

Condensed nuclear chromatin

The mature sperm are inactive in the ducts and are activated by secretions of what

Accessory genital glands

Shape of the head of sperm

Flattened oval body, pear shaped

Part of the sperm wheee nucleus is

Head

Present in acrosomal cap at the head of the soerm

Lysosomal enzyme

Absence of mitochondrial sheath A. Tail -principal sheath B. Tail- middle sheath C. Tail -end piece

Covered only by flagellar membrane A. Tail -principal sheath B. Tail- middle sheath C. Tail -end piece

Endocrine component of the testis -produces Testosterone

IT cell of leydig

Irregulary polyhedral closely packed, occuring in clusters? With extensive SER

Leydig cells

Ano meron sa cytoplasmic crystal of reinke?

Idk :|

Short straight continuation of the semeniferous tubule

Tubuli recti

Cells present in the tubuli recti A. Spermatogenic B. Sertoli

Network of anastomosing channels found in the mediastinum

Rete testis

Linining of rete testis

Cuboidal lining epithelium

With only MOTILE CILIA in the male reproductive tract

Ductuli Efferentes

Lining of ductuli efferentes

Alternating tall ciliated and short non-ciliated / UNEVEN SCALLOPED EPITHELIUM Non-ciliated cells with microvilli coated with glycocalyx; fluid absorption

Fusion of the _______ forms a highly coiled duct = epididymis

Coni vasculosi

Site of sperm accumulation, storage and maturity

Epididymis

Lining of epididymis

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium, with STEREOCILIA

Epididymis - presence of smooth musculature gradually increasing in thickness from blank to blank

Proximal to distal

Is it true that the epididymis have fast rhythmic peristalsis. T/F?

F. Slow, rhythmic

Direct continuation of the epididymis

Ductus deferens

Terminal dilatation at the ductus deferens

Terminal dilatation

3 coats if the ductus deferens

MMF Mucosa Muscularis Fibrosa

Ductus deferens Mucosa is thrown into _______ Its lining is Characteristic shapw

Folds —> star shaped appearance | Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Thickest coat in ductus deferens Mucosa Muscularis Fibrosa

Muscularis

3 smooth muscle layers of the muscularis coat of ductus deferens

ILMCOL

Adventitia of rhe ductus deferwns is composed of

Fibroelastic CT

Short, terminal segment formed at the junction of the ampulla of Ductus deferens and the excretory ducts of the seminal vesicle

Ejaculatory duct

Ejaculatory duct pierces what structure

Prostate gland and opens in the urethra

Epithelial lining of the ejaculatory duct

Simple columna epithelium/pseudostratified columnar epithelium Transitional epithelium near the urethral opening

T or F The ejaculatory duct has more than 2 types of lining epithelium

Highly convoluted glandular outpocketings that open in the ductus deferens at the junction of the ampulla and ejaculatory duct

Seminal vesicle

Fluid in the seminal vesicle

Yellowish viscid alkaline fluid with: Fructose Fibrinogen Vit. C

T/F. The seminal vesicle is a storage site for spermatozoa. T or F

Special characteristic of seminarl vesicle

(+) Honeycomb appearance

Reason for honeycomb apprarance in the seminal vesicle

Mucosa is highly folded formung irregular chambers

Smooth muscle wall of seminal vessicle

Inner and outer LONGITUDINAL

Lining epithelium of seminal vesicle

Pseudostratified non-ciliated

Large unpaired gland surrounding the first part of the urethra

Prostate

Secretions of the prostate gland make up _____% of semen;

Semen Give characteristics and contents

thin, milky, rich in citric acid and hydrolytic enzymes

Prostate gland type of gland

Beanched tubulo-alveolar

Smooth muscles of the prostate gland are innervated by the

SNS

Lining of prostate gland

Secretory alveoli lined by simple columnar or pseudostratified col. non-ciliated epithelium

Prostatic concretions also known as

Corpora Amylacea

zones of the prostate gland

Central Peripheral Transition

25% if the prostate Surrounds Ejaculatory ducts 2.5% of prostate cancer Central Peripheral Transition

Central

70% if the gland Surrounds distal urethra 70-80% if prostate ca Central Peripheral Transition

Peri

Zone of prostate that surrounds proximal urethra: BPH

Transition zone

Most common site for adenocarcinoma

Peripheral zone

Pair of pea sized bodies lying posterolateral to the membranous urethra

Bulbourethral Gland/Cowper’s Gland

Bulbourethral gland type of gland

Compound tubulo-alveolar gland

Lining epithelium of cowper’s gland

Simple columnar

Secrete mucus into the urethra for epithelial lubrication

Bulbourethral gland

3 cylindrical erectile tissues of the penis

Paired corpora cavernosa | Single corpus spongiosum

Condensed fibroelastic tissue (t. Albuginea) of the penis thickest around the __________

Cavernous bodies

Vascular sinuses of the penis supplied by

Helicine Arteries/Arterioles

Erection of the penis A. Sympa B. Parasympa

Parasympa

Ejaculation of the penis Sympa Parasyma

Sympa

Term used to describe “end of excitement”

Detumescence | ^Climax

Semen

3.5 mL containing 50-150 million spermatozoa

Metabolites for motility within semen

Fructose, citrate

Barrier between lumen of seminiferous tubules and extratubular compartment

Blood testis permeability barrier

In the adluminal compartment, there is direct exchange if nutrients between spermatocyte and interstitial vasculature. T or F

Thickest portion of vas deferens is

Muscularis

Lining of epididymis

Pseudostratified col. epi. with stereocilia

First cell to have haploid chromosome in spermatogenesis

Secondary spermatocyte

Organelle the will form a flagellum in spermiogenesis

Centriole