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Human Anatomy and Physiology 2 > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

A _____ is a specialized sex cell

A

Gamete

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2
Q

How many chromosomes does a gamete carry?

A

23 chromosomes

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3
Q

A _____ is a male gamete and an ______ is a female gamete.

A

Sperm and Oocyte

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4
Q

Testes produce ____ and _____ to support ______.

A

sperm and androgens ; reproduction

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5
Q

Where are Testes located?

A

Inside the scrotum

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6
Q

Why are Testes inside the scrotum?

A

To remain 2-4 degrees cooler than body temp

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7
Q

What muscles contract or relax to raise or lower the testes?

A

Dartos and Cremaster muscles

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8
Q

What is located inside of the spermatic cord?

A

Testicular artery, autonomic nerve, and lymphatic vessels

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9
Q

What are reproductive organs that are paired and have 2 layers?

A

Male gonads

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10
Q

What is the serous outer membrane of the male gonads?

A

Tunica vaginals

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11
Q

The ______ ______ is the tough connective tissue that covers the entire testes and separates them into 300-400 lobules.

A

Tunica albuginea

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12
Q

Where does sperm develop inside the lobules?

A

Seminiferous tubules

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13
Q

When should testes descend ?

A

At about 7 months in the womb

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14
Q

What is Cryptorchidism?

A

When testes fail to descend before birth

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15
Q

What pushes sperm to the epididymis?

A

peristalsis

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16
Q

What promotes sperm production and can eliminate germ cells?

A

Sertoli cells

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17
Q

Sertoli cells create the blood-testes barrier due to _____ ________.

A

tight junctions

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18
Q

What are the stem cells or germ cells of the testes?

A

Spermatogonia

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19
Q

What is the process of producing sperm in the seminiferous tubules?

A

Spermatogenesis

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20
Q

When does Spermatogenesis begin?

A

At puberty

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21
Q

A Spermatogenesis cycle takes ____ days and a cycle starts every _____ days.

A

64 days and a cycle starts every 16 days

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22
Q

How many Haploid Daughter cells are produced at the end of each spermatogenesis cycle?

A

4

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23
Q

What is the head a sperm cell called?

A

A spermatid

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24
Q

How many sperm cells are produced each day?

A

100-300 million each day

25
Q

A sperm cell has ______ times less volume than female gametes

A

85,000

26
Q

What has little cytoplasm and haploid nucleus?

A

Head

27
Q

What is the head of the sperm cell covered in?

A

Lysosomal enzymes in the acrosome

28
Q

What part of the sperm cell has tightly packed mitochondria ?

A

Mid-piece

29
Q

What part of the sperm has a flagellum for movement and motility?

A

Tail

30
Q

Sperm start in the _______ ________ and moves fluid to ________.

A

Seminiferous tubules, epididymis

31
Q

How long does it take for sperm to move through the epididymis?

A

12 days

32
Q

How long Is the epididymis ?

A

6 meters long

33
Q

Sperm are moved by smooth muscle(peristalsis) until _________.

A

The tail fully develops

34
Q

Where is sperm stored until ejaculation occurs?

A

the tail of the epididymis

35
Q

Where does sperm exit and are pushed to the ductus deferens?

A

Duct system

36
Q

What is the ampulla

A

Where the duct ends

37
Q

What are glands that contribute 60% of semen volume?

A

Seminal Vesicles

38
Q

Seminal Vesicles have lots of _____ for ATP.

A

Fructose

39
Q

Where does the Seminal vesicles meet sperm?

A

Ejaculatory duct

40
Q

What is the gland that secretes fluid to coagulate the semen which later de-coagulates in the female.

A

Prostate gland

41
Q

The prostate size ____ after puberty and gradually grows after age 25.

A

doubles

42
Q

What is Benign Prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

A

When the prostate gets to big

43
Q

What is the second most common cancer in men?

A

Prostate cancer

44
Q

How can you detect prostate cancer?

A

HX, blood test, and rectal exam

45
Q

What is the thick fluid that lubricates the end of the urethra and vagina and cleans urine residue?

A

Bulbourethral Glands

46
Q

When do the bulbourethral glands activate?

A

After arousal and before semen release.

47
Q

What is it called when the 3 chambers surrounding the urethra fill with blood during arousal and REM sleep?

A

Vasocongestion

48
Q

Why is Nitric Oxide (NO) released during erection?

A

To dilate blood vessels and increase blood volume to fill chambers

49
Q

The filled chamber put pressure on venules preventing ______.

A

Drainage

50
Q

When does testosterone begin secreting in the body?

A

7th week of development and again at puberty

51
Q

What secretes to differentiate male sexual organs?

A

Testosterone

52
Q

Low levels of testosterone lead to _________.

A

Infertility

53
Q

What does testosterone help with?

A

Muscle development, bone growth, secondary sex characteristics, and libido in men and women

54
Q

_______ and _______ secrete a small amount of testosterone.

A

Ovaries and adrenal glands

55
Q

What is the production of testosterone controlled by?

A

Hypothalamus and pituitary gland

56
Q

What does GnRh from the hypothalamus cause the pituitary gland to release.

A

LH and FSH

57
Q

What stimulates spermatogenesis and releases inhibin in men?

A

FSH

58
Q

What hormone up-regulates the production of testosterone in men?

A

LH

Human Anatomy and Physiology 2 (5 decks)

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