Male Reproductive System Flashcards
A _____ is a specialized sex cell
Gamete
How many chromosomes does a gamete carry?
23 chromosomes
A _____ is a male gamete and an ______ is a female gamete.
Sperm and Oocyte
Testes produce ____ and _____ to support ______.
sperm and androgens ; reproduction
Where are Testes located?
Inside the scrotum
Why are Testes inside the scrotum?
To remain 2-4 degrees cooler than body temp
What muscles contract or relax to raise or lower the testes?
Dartos and Cremaster muscles
What is located inside of the spermatic cord?
Testicular artery, autonomic nerve, and lymphatic vessels
What are reproductive organs that are paired and have 2 layers?
Male gonads
What is the serous outer membrane of the male gonads?
Tunica vaginals
The ______ ______ is the tough connective tissue that covers the entire testes and separates them into 300-400 lobules.
Tunica albuginea
Where does sperm develop inside the lobules?
Seminiferous tubules
When should testes descend ?
At about 7 months in the womb
What is Cryptorchidism?
When testes fail to descend before birth
What pushes sperm to the epididymis?
peristalsis
What promotes sperm production and can eliminate germ cells?
Sertoli cells
Sertoli cells create the blood-testes barrier due to _____ ________.
tight junctions
What are the stem cells or germ cells of the testes?
Spermatogonia
What is the process of producing sperm in the seminiferous tubules?
Spermatogenesis
When does Spermatogenesis begin?
At puberty
A Spermatogenesis cycle takes ____ days and a cycle starts every _____ days.
64 days and a cycle starts every 16 days
How many Haploid Daughter cells are produced at the end of each spermatogenesis cycle?
4
What is the head a sperm cell called?
A spermatid
How many sperm cells are produced each day?
100-300 million each day
A sperm cell has ______ times less volume than female gametes
85,000
What has little cytoplasm and haploid nucleus?
Head
What is the head of the sperm cell covered in?
Lysosomal enzymes in the acrosome
What part of the sperm cell has tightly packed mitochondria ?
Mid-piece
What part of the sperm has a flagellum for movement and motility?
Tail
Sperm start in the _______ ________ and moves fluid to ________.
Seminiferous tubules, epididymis
How long does it take for sperm to move through the epididymis?
12 days
How long Is the epididymis ?
6 meters long
Sperm are moved by smooth muscle(peristalsis) until _________.
The tail fully develops
Where is sperm stored until ejaculation occurs?
the tail of the epididymis
Where does sperm exit and are pushed to the ductus deferens?
Duct system
What is the ampulla
Where the duct ends
What are glands that contribute 60% of semen volume?
Seminal Vesicles
Seminal Vesicles have lots of _____ for ATP.
Fructose
Where does the Seminal vesicles meet sperm?
Ejaculatory duct
What is the gland that secretes fluid to coagulate the semen which later de-coagulates in the female.
Prostate gland
The prostate size ____ after puberty and gradually grows after age 25.
doubles
What is Benign Prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
When the prostate gets to big
What is the second most common cancer in men?
Prostate cancer
How can you detect prostate cancer?
HX, blood test, and rectal exam
What is the thick fluid that lubricates the end of the urethra and vagina and cleans urine residue?
Bulbourethral Glands
When do the bulbourethral glands activate?
After arousal and before semen release.
What is it called when the 3 chambers surrounding the urethra fill with blood during arousal and REM sleep?
Vasocongestion
Why is Nitric Oxide (NO) released during erection?
To dilate blood vessels and increase blood volume to fill chambers
The filled chamber put pressure on venules preventing ______.
Drainage
When does testosterone begin secreting in the body?
7th week of development and again at puberty
What secretes to differentiate male sexual organs?
Testosterone
Low levels of testosterone lead to _________.
Infertility
What does testosterone help with?
Muscle development, bone growth, secondary sex characteristics, and libido in men and women
_______ and _______ secrete a small amount of testosterone.
Ovaries and adrenal glands
What is the production of testosterone controlled by?
Hypothalamus and pituitary gland
What does GnRh from the hypothalamus cause the pituitary gland to release.
LH and FSH
What stimulates spermatogenesis and releases inhibin in men?
FSH
What hormone up-regulates the production of testosterone in men?
LH
