Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

Water moves through semi-permeable membranes by ________.

Answer 1

Osmosis

Question 2

What percentage of water are babies made of?

Answer 2

75%

Question 3

What happens to out water body percentage as we age?

Answer 3

We lose water fluid

Question 4

What organs have the highest and lowest proportion of water?

Answer 4

Highest: Brain and Kidney Least: Teeth

Question 5

______ ________ is all of the fluid enclosed by the plasma membrane( inside a cell). ______ ________ is all fluid surrounding the cell.

Answer 5

Intracellular fluid and Extracellular fluid

Question 6

What percentage of total water is in ICF?

Answer 6

60%

Question 7

Where is most ECF located?

Answer 7

Interstitial fluid

Question 8

What does the ATP in the sodium potassium pump do?

Answer 8

Forces Na( sodium) out of the cell and brings in K (potassium) into the cell due to a concentration gradient

Question 9

______ ________ if force exerted by fluid against a wall which causes movement between compartments

Answer 9

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 10

Where is hydrostatic pressure important ?

Answer 10

Blood vessels and nephrons

Question 11

How do we regulate water balance ?

Answer 11

Osmoreceptors and baroreceptors that send Information to the brain

Question 12

What is Diuresis?

Answer 12

Production of excess urine

Question 13

A person in dehydration will produce more ___ Than a person with an excess of water.

Answer 13

ADH

Question 14

What are the 6 most important electrolytes?

Answer 14

Sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, calcium, and phosphate

Question 15

What is sodium responsible for?

Answer 15

Half of osmotic pressure

Question 16

__________ is lower than normal sodium levels. ________ are abnormally high increase in sodium

Answer 16

Hyponatremia, Hypernatremia

Question 17

What condition is normally associated with excess water accumulation or ingestion?

Answer 17

Hyponatremia

Question 18

What is the major intracellular cation that has very little effect in osmotic pressure?

Answer 18

Potassium

Question 19

________ is low potassium blood levels and ________ is elevated blood potassium.

Answer 19

Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia

Question 20

True or False: Potassium and Sodium are opposite to each other.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What is a prominent extracellular anion, major contributor to osmotic pressure, and helps keep fluid electrically neutral?

Answer 21

Chloride

Question 22

_________ is low chloride levels and ______ are high blood chloride levels.

Answer 22

Hypochloremia and Hyperchloremia

Question 23

What is the second most abundant anion in the blood and maintains the acid-base balance as part of the buffer system?

Answer 23

Bicarbonate

Question 24

How is Bicarbonate made? ( Chemical reaction)

Answer 24

Carbon Dioxide(CO2) + Water(H2O) -> Carbonic acid( H2CO3) –> breaks down in Bicarbonate ( HCO3) + Hydrogen (H)

Question 25

What is necessary for muscle contractions, enzyme activity, blood coagulation , stabilizes cell membranes and releases neurotransmitters?

Answer 25

Calcium

Question 26

Deficient levels of Vitamin __ decrease calcium absorption .

Answer 26

D

Question 27

_______ are low blood calcium levels. ________ are high blood calcium levels.

Answer 27

Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia

Question 28

What makes up 85% in both and teeth, makes up cell membrane, ATP, nucleotides, and buffers?

Answer 28

Phosphate

Question 29

________ are low phosphate levels and ______ are high phosphate levels.

Answer 29

Hypophosphatemia and Hyperphoshpatemia

Question 30

A zero on the pH scale is _____, and 14 on the pH scale is _____ and 7 is ______

Answer 30

Acidic, Basic, Water( neutral)

Question 31

A basic solution has more _______ ions and something that is acid has more ____ ions

Answer 31

Hydroxyl and hydrogen

Question 32

How does the respiratory tract regulate pH?

Answer 32

Exhaling CO2

Question 33

How else do we balance our pH.

Answer 33

Urination

Question 34

What is the main buffer inside a cell.

Answer 34

Protein (66%)

Question 35

What buffers acids and bases?

Answer 35

Phosphate

Question 36

What are high blood levels of CO2?

Answer 36

Hypercapnia

Question 37

What are low blood levels of CO2?

Answer 37

Hypocapnia

Question 38

True or False: Doubling respiratory rate for less than 1 minute can increase blood pH by 0.2 hence we breath more during exercise.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

What disorder do you have if your blood pH is below 7.35 and you have symptoms of headache, confusion, lethargy and fatigue?

Answer 39

Acidosis

Question 40

What disorder do you have if the blood pH is above 7.45 and have symptoms of cognitive impairment, numbness in extremities , muscle twitching , spasm, Nausea or vomiting.

Answer 40

Alkalosis

Question 41

What is a fatal blood pH level?

Answer 41

7.8

Question 42

Respiratory system compensates better for ____ than ______.

Answer 42

Acidosis than alkalosis