Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
Water moves through semi-permeable membranes by ________.
Osmosis
What percentage of water are babies made of?
75%
What happens to out water body percentage as we age?
We lose water fluid
What organs have the highest and lowest proportion of water?
Highest: Brain and Kidney Least: Teeth
______ ________ is all of the fluid enclosed by the plasma membrane( inside a cell). ______ ________ is all fluid surrounding the cell.
Intracellular fluid and Extracellular fluid
What percentage of total water is in ICF?
60%
Where is most ECF located?
Interstitial fluid
What does the ATP in the sodium potassium pump do?
Forces Na( sodium) out of the cell and brings in K (potassium) into the cell due to a concentration gradient
______ ________ if force exerted by fluid against a wall which causes movement between compartments
Hydrostatic pressure
Where is hydrostatic pressure important ?
Blood vessels and nephrons
How do we regulate water balance ?
Osmoreceptors and baroreceptors that send Information to the brain
What is Diuresis?
Production of excess urine
A person in dehydration will produce more ___ Than a person with an excess of water.
ADH
What are the 6 most important electrolytes?
Sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, calcium, and phosphate
What is sodium responsible for?
Half of osmotic pressure
__________ is lower than normal sodium levels. ________ are abnormally high increase in sodium
Hyponatremia, Hypernatremia
What condition is normally associated with excess water accumulation or ingestion?
Hyponatremia
What is the major intracellular cation that has very little effect in osmotic pressure?
Potassium
________ is low potassium blood levels and ________ is elevated blood potassium.
Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia
True or False: Potassium and Sodium are opposite to each other.
True
What is a prominent extracellular anion, major contributor to osmotic pressure, and helps keep fluid electrically neutral?
Chloride
_________ is low chloride levels and ______ are high blood chloride levels.
Hypochloremia and Hyperchloremia
What is the second most abundant anion in the blood and maintains the acid-base balance as part of the buffer system?
Bicarbonate
How is Bicarbonate made? ( Chemical reaction)
Carbon Dioxide(CO2) + Water(H2O) -> Carbonic acid( H2CO3) –> breaks down in Bicarbonate ( HCO3) + Hydrogen (H)
What is necessary for muscle contractions, enzyme activity, blood coagulation , stabilizes cell membranes and releases neurotransmitters?
Calcium
Deficient levels of Vitamin __ decrease calcium absorption .
D
_______ are low blood calcium levels. ________ are high blood calcium levels.
Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia
What makes up 85% in both and teeth, makes up cell membrane, ATP, nucleotides, and buffers?
Phosphate
________ are low phosphate levels and ______ are high phosphate levels.
Hypophosphatemia and Hyperphoshpatemia
A zero on the pH scale is _____, and 14 on the pH scale is _____ and 7 is ______
Acidic, Basic, Water( neutral)
A basic solution has more _______ ions and something that is acid has more ____ ions
Hydroxyl and hydrogen
How does the respiratory tract regulate pH?
Exhaling CO2
How else do we balance our pH.
Urination
What is the main buffer inside a cell.
Protein (66%)
What buffers acids and bases?
Phosphate
What are high blood levels of CO2?
Hypercapnia
What are low blood levels of CO2?
Hypocapnia
True or False: Doubling respiratory rate for less than 1 minute can increase blood pH by 0.2 hence we breath more during exercise.
True
What disorder do you have if your blood pH is below 7.35 and you have symptoms of headache, confusion, lethargy and fatigue?
Acidosis
What disorder do you have if the blood pH is above 7.45 and have symptoms of cognitive impairment, numbness in extremities , muscle twitching , spasm, Nausea or vomiting.
Alkalosis
What is a fatal blood pH level?
7.8
Respiratory system compensates better for ____ than ______.
Acidosis than alkalosis
