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Nursing Science 2 - EXAM 2 > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the location and function of the scrotum

A
  • Hangs outside the pelvic cavity at the root of the penis

- Helps regulate the temperature of the testes

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2
Q

State the specific function of the cremaster & dartos muscles

A

Elevate the testes in cold weather (or water) moving the testes closer to the body and decreasing the surface area of the scrotum to retain heat.

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3
Q

Define spermatogenesis (include the specific cells)

A
  • Formation of sperm by meiosis by Germ cells
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4
Q

State the 3 functions of the Sustentacular (Sertoli) cells

A
  • Supports and provide nutrients for 70 days while the cells undergo meiosis and develop into sperm
  • Produce testicular fluid for transport of sperm
  • Control release of sperm into lumen of the seminiferous tubule
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5
Q

Describe the specific function of the acrosome

A

Acrosome is a cap-like vesicle containing enzymes to help the sperm penetrate the secondary oocyte for fertilisation

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6
Q

Describe the specific function of the mitochondria

A

Midpiece contains mitochondria which provide energy so that the tail can propel the sperm through the female reproductive tract

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7
Q

Describe the specific function of the tail of the sperm cell

A

The tail propels the sperm

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8
Q

Name the hormones involved in spermatogenesis beginning from the hypothalamus

A
  • GnRH
  • LH
  • FSH
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9
Q

State 3 functions of testosterone

A
  • Controls the growth, development, functioning and maintenance of sex organs
  • Stimulates sperm maturation, bone growth and protein synthesis
  • Stimulates development of male secondary sex characteristics during puberty
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10
Q

Describe the location of the epididymis

A

Curves around the posterior surface of the testis

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11
Q

What are the functions of the epididymis?

A
  • Site for sperm to mature and gain mobility over 14 days
  • Stores sperm
  • Propels sperm into ductus (vas) deferens by peristalsis during sexual arousal
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12
Q

State the function of the Ductus (vas) deferens

A

Transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra by peristalsis where it can store sperm for several months

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13
Q

Name the structures located in the spermatic cord

A
  • Testicular blood vessels
  • Autonomic nerves
  • Lymphatic vessels
  • Ductus (vas) deferens
  • Cremaster muscle
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14
Q

Describe the location of the seminal vesicles

A

Pair of pouch-like structures Lateral to the vas deferens, between the posterior surface of the bladder and the anterior surface of the rectum.

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15
Q

Describe the location the ejaculatory duct

A

Runs through the superior aspect of the prostate gland

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16
Q

Describe the location of the prostate gland

A

Golf-ball sized gland that encircles the urethra just inferior to the urinary bladder

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17
Q

State the function of the seminal vesicles

A

Secrete alkaline viscous fluid to the sperm. It contains fructose that sperm can use to produce ATP

18
Q

State the function of the ejaculatory duct

A

The ejaculatory duct ejects sperm and seminal vesicle secretions into the urethra just before ejaculation

19
Q

State the function of the prostate gland

A

During ejaculation smooth muscle contracts squeezing glandular secretions into the urethra via several ducts

20
Q

What tissue type does the prostate gland have?

A

20-30 glands embedded in smooth muscle and connective tissue

21
Q

Describe the location of the bulbourethral glands

A

Pea-sized glands located inferior to the prostatic apex in the urogenital diaphragm

22
Q

State the function of the bulbourethral glands

A

Produce a thick, clear alkaline mucus which drains into the urethra and lubricates the male urethra during sexual excitement. Neutralises acidic urine

23
Q

Describe the function of the urethra

A

Carries urine out of the bladder and propels semen along the length of the penis for discharge during ejaculation

24
Q

Explain why a male doesn’t urinate during ejaculation

A

During ejaculation, a smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes (involuntary/reflex action) preventing urine from entering the urethra and preventing semen entering the urinary bladder

25
Q

Describe the pathway of sperm from site of production to exit from the body

A

After they leave the testes, the sperm passes through the epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra

26
Q

Describe two age related changes that occur in older men.

A
  • Approximately age 55 there is a decline in testosterone levels which results in decreased muscular strength, fewer viable sperm and decreased sexual desire
  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia may cause frequent urination, decreased force of stream, bed wetting and sensation of incomplete emptying
27
Q

Describe the changes to the reproductive system that occur with the onset of puberty.

A
  • Skeleton and skeletal muscles grow
  • Body hair grows (Facial, pubic)
  • The larynx grows (Voice deepens)
  • Behavioural changes
  • Increases sexual desire
  • The sebaceous glands become more active (Oily skin/hair)
  • Enlargement of the scrotum and testes
28
Q

What is semen?

A

Thick, milky white fluid mixture of sperm, testicular fluid and accessory gland secretions. It has a pH of 7.5 to neutralise the acid pH of the vagina

29
Q

The tiny tubes inside the testes where spermatogenesis takes place is known as what?

A

Seminiferous tubules

30
Q

What does FSH do in males?

A

Acts indirectly with testosterone to stimulate spermatogenesis

31
Q

How does sperm move?

A

By means of flagella

32
Q

The bulb of the penis is located at the base of the…

A

Corpus spongiosum

33
Q

What are the cells in the testes called which are responsible for producing testosterone?

A

Leydig cells

34
Q

The ejaculatory duct attaches to the urethra in a region surrounded by the…

A

Prostate gland

35
Q

The fructose in semen is secreted by what vesicles?

A

Seminal vesicles

36
Q

The function of chemicals within the acrosomal cap is to…

A

Aid the sperm in penetration into a secondary oocyte

37
Q

The longest duct of the male reproductive tract, passing from the scrotum into the pelvic cavity, is the…

A

Ductus deferens

38
Q

The portion of the penis which surrounds the urethra is the

A

Corpus spongiosum

39
Q

Which cells lie next to the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules?

A

Spermatogonia

40
Q

Which of the hormones produced in the male directly stimulates testosterone secretion?

A

LH

41
Q

How can prostate cancer be detected?

A
  • Digital examination through the anterior rectal wall
  • Assessment of the blood levels of PSA
  • Ultrasound

Nursing Science 2 - EXAM 2 (7 decks)

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