Male Reproductive System Flashcards
Route and function of vas deferens?
From epididymis through inguinal canal as part of spermatic cord into the prostatic urethra
What is the common outflow tube of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicle? Where does it open into?
Ejaculatory duct, opens into prostatic urethra
How much seminal fluid is secreted by prostrate gland?
30%
What are the three parts of the urethra and their locations?
Prostatic = through prostate Membranous = through perineal membrane Spongy = through the penis
Angle between membranous and spongy urethra?
90 degrees
What fibrous covering surrounds the seminiferous tubules?
Tunica albuginea
Epididymis on dorsal medial surface of testes true or false?
False - dorsal lateral
What do the seminiferous tubules drain into to get to vas deferens?
rete testis —> head of epididymis down to tail —> vas deferens
What is the tunica vaginalis? What are its embryonic origins?
A double layered (visceral and parietal) serous membrane that covers the testes
Embryonically, a pouch of peritoneum called the processus vaginalis descends into scrotum followed by testis and then disconnects from the testis
Where do the testes originate embryonically?
Posterior abdominal wall
Embryological reasons for vas deferens moving through inguinal canal?
Testes descend obliquely from their original position in posterior abdominal wall through muscle layers of the anterior abdominal wall, forming the inguinal canal (lies superior to medial part of inguinal ligament)
Testes guided by the gubernaculum
Muscles of the anterior abdominal wall deep to superficial
Transversalis fascia
Transversus abdominis
Internal oblique
External oblique
Which structures does the processus vaginalis bring from the anterior abdominal to surround the testes?
Itself (parietal + visceral peritoneum)
Transversalis fascia
Internal oblique
External oblique
(NOT TRANSVERSE ABDOMINIS)
What covers the testes and spermatic cord superficial to the tunica vaginalis? What additional superficial layer does the testis have?
Inner - internal spermatic fascia (derived from transversalis fascia)
Middle - cremaster muscle and fascia (derived from internal oblique)
Outer - external spermatic fascia (derived from external oblique aponeurosis)
Testis outer - dartos muscle
Dartos muscle function? Innervation?
SMCs that contract to bring the testes closer to the body
Sympathetic
What innervates the cremaster muscle?
Genital branch of genito-femoral nerve, L1-2
Blood supply of testis and epididymis, and origin?
Testicular artery from abdominal artery
Drainage of testes and epididymis? Drainage of left and right into which major veins?
Pampiniform venous plexus to testicular veins
Left testicular vein drains to left renal vein
Right testicular vein drains into IVC
Pain referred to where and why?
Umbilical region of abdominal wall due to innervation by T10
Cremaster muscle motor innervation and function of contraction?
Function = protection and temperature regulation
Innervation = genital branch of genitofemoral nerve (L1-2)
Sensory innervation of medial thigh?
Iliofemoral L1
What embryonic structure is the vas deferens derived from?
Mesonephric duct
Vas deferens below and lies medial to the ureters true or false?
False - they lie pass above but yes, lie medial
Where do the two vas deferens join?
ampulla of ductus deferens
What enables peristaltic contractions in the ductus deferentes? Innervation?
SMCs - sympathetic nerves
Blood supply to the ductus deferens + origin? Prostrate? Common derivation?
Artery to ductus deferens from umbilical artery
Superior & inferior vesical arteries
Internal iliac artery supplies umbilical and vesical arteries
Where does the venous drainage drain?
Vertebral venous plexus
What muscles demarcate the superior and anterior poles of the prostrate gland? What type are they?
Internal urethral sphincter - involuntary, smooth muscle
External urethral sphincter - voluntary, skeletal muscle
Two functions of internal urethral sphincter
- Urinary continence
2. Preventing retrograde ejaculation of semen into bladder
Which prostate lobe lies superior to the ejaculatory ducts? And inferior?
Median
Posterior
What three vascular tissues form the penis?
Corpus spongiosum and a corpus cavernosum on each side bound by connective tissue to one another
Zones of prostate
Anterior, median, posterior, 2xlateral
Lymphatic drainage of testes? Why here?
Para-aortic lymph nodes due to developmental origin
When and where do the gonads develop from?
4th week, primordial germ cells migrate from yolk sac to reach gonadal ridge (intermediate mesoderm) on the medial mesonephros
What forms the vas deferens in males?
Wolffian (mesonephric) duct, preserved due to presence of testosterone (MIH secreted from sertoli to degenerate Mullerian duct
Structures that develop from the Wolffian ducts?
Epididymis, Vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct
Which zone of the prostate tends to become enlarged in older males? What does it do?
Transition zone
Constricts urethra, so making it difficult to pass urine
Which zone of the prostate is examined by digital rectal exam?
Peripheral zone
In which zone of the prostate do 70-75% cancer cases arise? And 20%?
Peripheral zone
Transition zone
What are seminal vesicles dependent on?
Testosterone
What does seminal fluid contain?
Fructose - fuel spermatozoa
Bicarbonate- neutralise acidity of vagina
Proteins - coagulate sperm
Constituents of prostate fluid?
Fibrinolysin, PSA, citric acid phosphatase, zinc
