Abdominal And GI tract Anatomy Flashcards by LJPN Unknown

What sympathetic/visceral afferents innervate the foregut? Which dermatomes is referred pain in the foregut referred to and what region is this?

Coeliac plexus
T5-9
Epigastric region

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What sympathetic/visceral afferents innervate the midgut? Which dermatomes is referred pain in the midgut referred to and what region is this?

Superior mesenteric nerve
T10-11
Umbilical region

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What sympathetic/visceral afferents innervate the hindgut? Which dermatomes is referred pain in the hindgut referred to and what region is this?

Inferior mesenteric nerve
T12-L1
Pubic/Hypogastric region

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the peritoneum?

A serous membrane which lines the abdominopelvic wall and organs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If an organ is in contact with the posterior abdominal wall, what is it known as?

Retroperitoneum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a double layer of peritoneum called? How many layers will it have and what forms them?

Mesentery

4 layers- parietal, visceral, visceral, parietal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The visceral peritoneum has a separate neurolymphovascular supply to the organ it covers true or false?

False - it’s closely associated so supply is the same

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the neurolymphvascular supply of the parietal peritoneum the same as?

The abdominal pelvic wall segment it is in contact with

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Abdominal aorta is retroperitoneal true or false?

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is located between the mesentery?

Fat, neurolymphovasculature

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where is the lesser sac? What partially separates it from the greater sac?

Posterior to wall of stomach and liver, anterior to posterior abdominal wall

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the greater omentum attached to?

Greater omentum of the stomach, around the transverse colon to the proximal duodenum and then posterior abdominal wall

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the transverse mesocolon, and what are its attachments and course?

Mesentery of the transverse colon which courses horizontal from anterior aspect of right kidney across descending part of duodenum to pancreas, along posterior abdominal wall

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Through which opening are the greater and lesser sacs connected? Where is this located?

Epiploic foramen of Winslow, located inferior to and through the free margin of the lesser omentum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

At what spinal level does the oesophagus enter the abdomen?

T10

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which parts of the mediastinum does it travel through?

Superior and posterior

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What covers the oesophagus at the oesophageal hiatus?

Right crus of diaphragm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the:
-upper 1/3
-middle 1/3
-lower 1/3
of the oesophagus supplied by?

Upper = oesophageal branch of inferior thyroid artery (from thyrocervical trunk of subclavian)
Middle = oesophageal branch of thoracic aorta
Inferior = oesophageal branch of left gastric from coeliac trunk

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ANS to oesophagus?

Sympathetic = coeliac plexus
Parasympathetic = vagus, via oesophageal plexus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which region does the stomach lie in?

Left hypochondrium

Epigastric

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Level of transpyloric plane?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the folds of the stomach lining called? What forms them?

Rugae

Folding of mucosa and submucosa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What organ does the descending duodenum curve around?

Pancreas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The duodenum is retroperitoneal true or false?

True - some bits in contact with posterior abdominal wall

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which part of the duodenum does the ampulla of vater open into?

The descending duodenum

What is important about the major duodenal papilla?

Where the biliary system opens into duodenum | Boundary between mid- and foregut

What are the folds of the duodenal lining called? Describe them

Plicae circulares - they are complete, circular folds

The whole duodenum is supplied by the coeliac trunk true or false?

False - the distal duodenum is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery

What artery actually supplies the duodenum?

``` Proximal = coeliac trunk --> gastroduodenal artery --> pancreaticoduodenal artery Distal = SMA --> inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery ```

Venous drainage of duodenum?

SMV, splenic veins or hepatic portal vein

Which of the four parts of the duodenum are retroperitoneal?

Second half of Superior, Descending and Horizontal

Does the superior duodenum go over or under the right lobe of the liver and the gallbladder?

Under

The proximal portion of duodenum is NOT retroperitoneal, but it is covered by something... what?

Lesser omentum

Bile duct and hepatic portal vein both pass over the superior duodenum true or false?

False, they are posterior

The duodenojejunal flexure is situated to the left of the abdominal aorta true or false?

true

What organs are found posterior to the right lobe of the liver?

Right suprarenal gland, right kidney and transverse colon

What organs are found posterior to the left lobe of the liver?

Stomach and oesophagus

What separates the left lobe of the liver from the caudate lobe?

Ligamentum venosum

What separates the left lobe of the liver from the quadrate lobe?

Ligamentum teres

The ligamentum venosum is part of the falsiform ligament true or false?

False, the ligamentum teres is part of the falsiform ligament

Embryologically, what were the ligamentum venosum and teres?

``` LV = ductus venosus LT = umbilical vein ```

Function of umbilical vein embryologically?

Carry OXYgenated blood into foetus, terminating in porta hepatis (hepatic portal vein)

Function of ductus venosus embryologically?

Took blood from umbilical vein to the IVC in order to bypass porta hepatis

Venous drainage?

Right, middle and left hepatic veins --> IVC

What does the lesser omentum join?

posterior visceral surface of liver to lesser curvature of stomach (from cardiac to pylorus and a bit of duodenum)

``` Right edge of lesser omentum is free true or false? What structure(s) does it encapsulate as anterior peritoneum becomes posterior peritoneum? ```

True | Common bile duct, hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein

Is the pancreas retro- or intraperitoneal?

Retroperitoneal - entirely

Embryological development of pancreas (time and primordial structures)

Ventral and dorsal buds distal to stomach (Week 4) | Ventral bud rotates (week 6) forming entire organ

Which regions of the pancreas lie in the curvature of the duodenum?

Uncinate process (inferiorly) and head (superiorly)

Which region of the pancreas lies posterior to the duodenum?

Neck

Relation of superior mesenteric vein to regions of pancreas?

Posterior to neck, anterior to uncinate process

Where does the minor duodenal papilla open in relation to the major duodenal papilla? What is the difference in contents

Superior - only has pancreatic secretions

What organ does the body of the pancreas overly?

Left kidney

What is an annular pancreas? Complications?

Ventral bud forms ring around duodenum in development Can cause atresia or block duodenum

Greatest proportion of total length of GI formed by large intestine true or false?

False - small intestine

What demarcates the end of the small intestine?

Ileocaecal junction

Which SI organ (J or I) has multiple arterial arcades?

Ileum

Which SI organ (J or I) has long vasa recta rather than short?

Jejunum

Which SI organ (J or I) has the thinner wall?

Ileum

Which SI organ (J or I) is intraperitoneal?

Jejunum AND ileum

How are the jejunum and ileum anchored to the posterior abdominal wall?

By mesentery

Which SI organ (J or I) has more plicae circulares?

Jejunum

Which of the 9 regions is the caecum situated in?

Right iliac

What prevents reflux of contents of caecum back into ileum?

Ileocaecal valve

Where do the taeniae coli originate and insert?

Base of vermiform appendix to rectosigmoid junction

The ascending colon lies on the anterior abdominal wall true or false?

False - posterior abdominal wall

Nerve supply to large intestine

Up to 2/3 of transverse colon: — parasympathetic = vagus nerve (CNX) — sympathetic = superior mesenteric ganglia (T11-L2) Distal to 2/3 of transverse colon: — parasympathetic = pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4) — sympathetic = inferior mesenteric ganglia (T11-L2)

Dermatome for initial pain of appendicitis? | Pain after parietal peritoneum is pressed by swelling?

T10 then right lower quadrant

What level is the rectosigmoid junction?

S3 vertebra

An important muscle of faecal continence, O and I?

Puborectalis - from body of pubis slings around anorectal flexure

How many folds are there in the rectum and what are they called?

3 transverse folds

What do the teniae coli become once they reach the anorectal junction?

Outer longitudinal smooth muscle layer of rectum

What are the small pouches of fat-filled peritoneum covering the large intestine called>

Epiploic or omental appendices

Peritoneal coverings of rectum (considered in thirds)...?

``` First = covering anterolateral surfaces Second = covering anterior surface Third = sub-peritoneal ```

What is the posterior rectum in contact with?

Sacrum

Describe the type of muscle and innervation of internal anal sphincter

Circular smooth muscle continuous with SM of rectum Sympathetic (T11-L2) = contraction Parasympathetic (S2-4) = relaxation

Describe the type of muscle and innervation of external anal sphincter

Striated muscle - pudendal nerve S2-4