Female Reproductive System

Question 1

Where do the ovaries (and testis) develop?

Answer 1

The posterior abdominal wall

Question 2

What is the proximal end of the uterine tube called? How does it ensure that the ovum is released correctly?

Answer 2

Infundibulum

Finger-like processes called fimbriae that cup the mound of ovary so that the ovum is engulfed as it is shed into uterine tube

Question 3

What is the covering of peritoneum between the anterior uterus and posterior bladder called? What about between the posterior uterus and rectum?

Answer 3

Vesicouterine pouch

Rectouterine pouch

Question 4

What is the broad ligament and where does it lie?

Answer 4

Double sided layer of peritoneum attaching lateral sides of uterus to walls of pelvis covering uterus and uterine tubes

Question 5

Which is the more tortuous and which is the more straight part of the uterine tube?

Answer 5

Ampulla = T
Isthmus = S

Question 6

Where does the uterine tube join the uterus?

Answer 6

Lateral cornu

Question 7

Where are the fundus and body of the uterus located in relation to the cavity?

Answer 7

Fundus = superior
Body = lateral

Question 8

What is the cervix?

Answer 8

Constriction of the body of the uterus

Question 9

What does the cervical canal lie between?

Answer 9

Internal and external os

Question 10

What are the fornices of the vagina?

Answer 10

Proximal part of vagina that surround the external os of the cervix

Question 11

What connects the ovary to the uterus?

Answer 11

Ligament of ovary

Question 12

O and I of round ligament of uterus and function

Answer 12

Uterus to labia majora, through inguinal canal

Stabilises position of uterus in pelvic cavity

Question 13

Uterus has a posterior concavity true or false?

Answer 13

False - anterior concavity

Question 14

What embryological structure are the ligament of ovary and the round ligament of uterus derived from?

Answer 14

Remnants of the ovarian gubernaculum

Question 15

What ligaments other than the round ligament of uterus support of the uterus? O and I.

Answer 15

Uterosacral ligament (sacrum to uterus)
Pubocervical ligament (pubis to cervix)
Cardinal ligament (lateral pelvic wall to the cervix)

Question 16

What artery supplies the ovaries and where does it originate? What else do they supply?

Answer 16

Ovarian arteries from abdominal aorta

Also uterine tubes

Question 17

Blood supply to uterus, and its origin? What else does it supply?

Answer 17

Uterine artery - internal iliac artery

Proximal vagina

Question 18

The ureter passes anterior to the uterine artery true or false?

Answer 18

False - uterine artery overlies ureter

Question 19

Blood supply to vagina and origin?

Answer 19

Vaginal artery

From internal iliac or branch of uterine artery

Question 20

Innervation of structures superior to the pelvic pain line (demarcating where the parietal peritoneum stops - so all the structures are intraperitoneal)?

Answer 20

Sympathetic and visceral afferent T12-L2

Question 21

Innervation of sub-peritoneal structures (inferior to pelvic pain line)?

Answer 21

Parasympathetic, pelvic splanchnic nerves S2-S4

Question 22

What does the pudendal nerve innervate? What type of fibres and where from?

Answer 22

Perineum and distal vagina - mixed somatic (sensory and motor) conveyed back to S2-4

Question 23

How is the uterus positioned in relation to the (i) cervix and the cervix in relation to the (ii) vagina

Answer 23

(i) anteflexed

(ii) anteverted

Question 24

What part of the broad ligament covers the ovarian vessels?

Answer 24

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

Question 25

What forms the genitals embryologically?

Answer 25

Mullerian (paramesonephric) duct persists and wolffian degrades due to lack of testosterone

Question 26

What structures are formed from the mullerian ducts?

Answer 26

Oviducts, uterus, cervix and vagina