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GI > Male Reproductive Embryology > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What layer do the gonads form

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

Development of reproductive organ timeline

A

Week 2-term

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3
Q

When is the indifferent embryo

A

Week 1-6

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4
Q

When does sexual differentiation begin

A

Week 7

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5
Q

When can genitalia be recognized

A

Week 12

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6
Q

When is phenotypic differentiation complete

A

Week 20

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7
Q

Primordial germ cells become

A

Sperm and oocyte

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8
Q

PGCs are derived from

A

Posterior Epiblast

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9
Q

Somatic support cells become

A

Sertoli and Leydig cells in males
Granulosa and thecal cells in females

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10
Q

Leydig cell function

A

Secrete testosterone

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11
Q

Sertoli cells express what gene

A

SRY

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12
Q

SRY protein is

A

Transcription factor that upregulates SOX9

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13
Q

SOX9 does what

A

Promotes onset of testis development and suppresses ovarian differentiation by blocking FOXL2`

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14
Q

Primary sex cords form

A

Primitive seminiferous tubules

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15
Q

How does the paramesonephric duct (mullerian) form

A

Invagination of the visceral peritoneum

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16
Q

How does the wolffian duct form (mesonephric duct)

A

Condensation of mesoderm

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17
Q

Mesonephric and paramesonephric duct arise from

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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18
Q

What maintains the mesonephric ducts

A

Testosterone secreted by leydig cells

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19
Q

Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) causes

A

Müllerian duct regression between week 8-10

20
Q

Remnants of Müllerian duct regression

A

Appendix testis (cranial)
Prostatic utricle (caudal)

21
Q

Mesonephric/wolfien ducts becomes

A

Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Efferent ductules

22
Q

Sertoli cell express

A

AMH to regress Müllerian duct
Androgen binding factor at puberty to cause maturation of sperm

23
Q

Fetal leydig cells do what

A

Make testosterone and 5alpha reductase

24
Q

When does testosterone peak

A

Week 8-12

25
Q

What does 5alpha reductase do

A

Cause differentiation of testosterone to dihydrotesosterone

26
Q

Adult leydig cell function

A

Androgens

27
Q

Seminal vesicles bud from where and when

A

From the mesonephric duct during week 20 (intermediate mesoderm)

28
Q

Prostate GI and BU gland derive from the

A

Urethra (endoderm derived)

29
Q

Cranially testes are bound to

A

Cranial suspension ligament

30
Q

Lower anchoring of testes

A

Gubernaculum

31
Q

Descent of testes- trans abdominal phase

A

Gubernaculum shortens and cranial suspensory ligament regresses

32
Q

Descent of testes- transinguinal phase

A

Widening of the inguinal canal
Descent of testes through the inguinal canal

33
Q

What surrounds the testes

A

Tunica vaginalis

34
Q

Processus vaginalis

A

Evagination of the peritoneum

35
Q

Urorectal septum does what

A

Splits cloaca into the urogenital sinus and the anorectal canal

36
Q

Urogenital sinus forms

A

Pelvic urethra and the glans and urogenital plates

37
Q

Genital tubercle forms what via what signal

A

Penis via DHT signal

38
Q

Labioscrotal swellings form what via what

A

Scrotum via DHT

39
Q

Urogenital plate closes to form what

A

Urethral groove that turns into the penile urethra

40
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

Undescended testes
Most common genital anomaly in males
- usually resolves spontaneously

41
Q

Complications of cryptorchidism

A

Increased risk of sterility and cancer

42
Q

Ectopic testis

A

Testis descends in a pathway that deviates from the usual scrotal end point

43
Q

Congenital inguinal hernia and hydrocele of the testes forms how

A

Patent processus vaginalis

44
Q

Hypospadias

A

Failure of the ventral closure of the penile shaft

45
Q

Epispadias

A

Dorsal cleft of the penile shaft
Associated with exstrophy of the bladder

GI (7 decks)

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