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GI > embryology of renal and urinary tract > Flashcards

embryology of renal and urinary tract Flashcards

1
Q

kidneys arise from which germ layer

A

intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

3 nephric systems

A

pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros

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3
Q

what are nephrotomes

A

they form at the cranial end and are the pronephros that degenerates at day 24/25

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4
Q

what are mesonephric tubules

A

attached to mesonephric duct at first 3 lumbar levels, and this is the mesonephros

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5
Q

where do the 3 nephric systems form from

A

nephrogenic ridge

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6
Q

what is Bowmans capsule

A

a bundle of fenestrated capillaries

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7
Q

renal corpuscle

A

Bowmans capsule + glomerulus produces ultrafiltrate (amniotic fluid)

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8
Q

what happens to mesonephric duct in females

A

almost completely regresses

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9
Q

what happens to mesonephric duct in the male

A

becomes ductus defrans

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10
Q

ureteric bud forms what

A

collecting system

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11
Q

ureteric bud grows into what

A

metanephric mesenchyme (derived from intermediate mesoderm)

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12
Q

metanephric mesenchyme sends what signal to ureteric buds and what does it cause

A

Gdnf causes branching

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13
Q

what transcription factor regulated Gdnf

A

Pax2

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14
Q

nephrons arise from

A

renal vesicle

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15
Q

collecting duct comes from what

A

ureteric bud/stalk

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16
Q

when is the metanephros functional

A

10 weeks

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17
Q

what performs waste clearance for the fetus

A

placenta

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18
Q

Ureteric bud becomes

A

Ureter
Renal pelvis
Major calyx
Minor calyx
Collecting duct

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19
Q

Metanephric mesoderm
Metanephric vesicles
S-shaped renal tubules
become:

A

Connecting tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Bowman’s capsule
Renal Glomerulus

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20
Q

what are renal columns

A

renal medulla between pyramids

21
Q

renal agenesis is

A

missing kidney
can be unilateral or bilateral

22
Q

unilateral renal agenesis symptoms

A

asymptomatic

23
Q

bilateral renal agenesis symptoms

A

lethal
oligohydraminos
Potter’s syndrome

24
Q

Potter’s syndrome features

A

deformed limbs
dry wrinkly skin
facies
pulmonary hypoplasia (cause of death)

25
Q

renal hypoplasia

A

small kidneys without dysplasia

26
Q

renal dysplasia

A

Disorganization of renal parenchyma with abnormal nephrons

27
Q

Pax2 mutations

A

can be with renal hypoplasia, renal dysplasia, and renal-coloboma syndrome

28
Q

polycystic kidney disease (AD)

A

adult onset with hypertension later in life

29
Q

polycystic kidney disease (AR)

A

Generally lethal (no urine production; no drainage into bladder)
Fibrocystin/Polyductin

30
Q

consequence of polycystic kidney disease

A

bleeding
hypertension
urolithiasis
pain

31
Q

metanephric movement

A

sacral to lumbar region and rotation of the renal pelvis from the anterior to medial side

32
Q

renal artery location change

A

off of common iliac
regress than new one higher off aorta
regress then new ones even higher off aorta

33
Q

accessory renal arteries forms when

A

when one of the previous renal arteries does not regress

34
Q

pelvic kidney

A

more common in females

35
Q

horseshoe kidney

A

lower attached kidneys
ascent is restricted by the inferior mesenteric artery

36
Q

thoracic kidneys

A

more common in males and on left side
delayed closure of diaphragm- commonly on asymptomatic

37
Q

crossed renal ectopia

A

both kidneys on same side
asymptomatic

38
Q

mesonephric ducts fuse with the

A

bladder and move down to the neck of the bladder

39
Q

ureteric buds fuse with what and this process is called what

A

fuse with bladder and called exstrophy

40
Q

trigone (smooth posterior portion of bladder) is derived from

A

mesonephric duct (intermediate mesoderm)

41
Q

most of bladder is derived from

A

endoderm

42
Q

uretero-pelvic duplications can be what and what is it caused by

A

caused by: premature branching of ureteric bud
can be: duplicate kidney, renal pelvis or ureter

43
Q

weigert-meyer rule

A

orthotropic ureter and cranial ureters must cross when 2 ureters are present

44
Q

allantois is attached to bladder and can cause

A

fluid filled cyst (urachal) or fistula from bladder to umbilicus

45
Q

exstrophy of bladder

A

Failure of the anterior abdominal wall and the anterior wall of the bladder to develop properly

46
Q

exstrophy of bladder in females is associated with

A

bifid clitoris

47
Q

exstrophy of bladder in males is associated with

A

epispadias

48
Q

exstrophy of cloaca

A

urinary bladder and handgun exposed to environment
Failure of the anterior abdominal wall to develop properly, bladder to close, and cloaca fails to partition

GI (7 decks)

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