embryology of renal and urinary tract Flashcards
kidneys arise from which germ layer
intermediate mesoderm
3 nephric systems
pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros
what are nephrotomes
they form at the cranial end and are the pronephros that degenerates at day 24/25
what are mesonephric tubules
attached to mesonephric duct at first 3 lumbar levels, and this is the mesonephros
where do the 3 nephric systems form from
nephrogenic ridge
what is Bowmans capsule
a bundle of fenestrated capillaries
renal corpuscle
Bowmans capsule + glomerulus produces ultrafiltrate (amniotic fluid)
what happens to mesonephric duct in females
almost completely regresses
what happens to mesonephric duct in the male
becomes ductus defrans
ureteric bud forms what
collecting system
ureteric bud grows into what
metanephric mesenchyme (derived from intermediate mesoderm)
metanephric mesenchyme sends what signal to ureteric buds and what does it cause
Gdnf causes branching
what transcription factor regulated Gdnf
Pax2
nephrons arise from
renal vesicle
collecting duct comes from what
ureteric bud/stalk
when is the metanephros functional
10 weeks
what performs waste clearance for the fetus
placenta
Ureteric bud becomes
Ureter
Renal pelvis
Major calyx
Minor calyx
Collecting duct
Metanephric mesoderm
Metanephric vesicles
S-shaped renal tubules
become:
Connecting tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Bowman’s capsule
Renal Glomerulus
what are renal columns
renal medulla between pyramids
renal agenesis is
missing kidney
can be unilateral or bilateral
unilateral renal agenesis symptoms
asymptomatic
bilateral renal agenesis symptoms
lethal
oligohydraminos
Potter’s syndrome
Potter’s syndrome features
deformed limbs
dry wrinkly skin
facies
pulmonary hypoplasia (cause of death)
renal hypoplasia
small kidneys without dysplasia
renal dysplasia
Disorganization of renal parenchyma with abnormal nephrons
Pax2 mutations
can be with renal hypoplasia, renal dysplasia, and renal-coloboma syndrome
polycystic kidney disease (AD)
adult onset with hypertension later in life
polycystic kidney disease (AR)
Generally lethal (no urine production; no drainage into bladder)
Fibrocystin/Polyductin
consequence of polycystic kidney disease
bleeding
hypertension
urolithiasis
pain
metanephric movement
sacral to lumbar region and rotation of the renal pelvis from the anterior to medial side
renal artery location change
off of common iliac
regress than new one higher off aorta
regress then new ones even higher off aorta
accessory renal arteries forms when
when one of the previous renal arteries does not regress
pelvic kidney
more common in females
horseshoe kidney
lower attached kidneys
ascent is restricted by the inferior mesenteric artery
thoracic kidneys
more common in males and on left side
delayed closure of diaphragm- commonly on asymptomatic
crossed renal ectopia
both kidneys on same side
asymptomatic
mesonephric ducts fuse with the
bladder and move down to the neck of the bladder
ureteric buds fuse with what and this process is called what
fuse with bladder and called exstrophy
trigone (smooth posterior portion of bladder) is derived from
mesonephric duct (intermediate mesoderm)
most of bladder is derived from
endoderm
uretero-pelvic duplications can be what and what is it caused by
caused by: premature branching of ureteric bud
can be: duplicate kidney, renal pelvis or ureter
weigert-meyer rule
orthotropic ureter and cranial ureters must cross when 2 ureters are present
allantois is attached to bladder and can cause
fluid filled cyst (urachal) or fistula from bladder to umbilicus
exstrophy of bladder
Failure of the anterior abdominal wall and the anterior wall of the bladder to develop properly
exstrophy of bladder in females is associated with
bifid clitoris
exstrophy of bladder in males is associated with
epispadias
exstrophy of cloaca
urinary bladder and handgun exposed to environment
Failure of the anterior abdominal wall to develop properly, bladder to close, and cloaca fails to partition
