Female Reproductive Embryology

Question 1

Activation of what genes causes differentiation of the ovary

Answer 1

RSPO1, WNT4, FOXL2 in the absence of SRY

Question 2

FOXL2 and estrogens do what

Answer 2

Inhibit SOX9 and repression of testis differentiation

Question 3

Thecal cells make

Answer 3

Very little testosterone

Question 4

Granulosa cells do what

Answer 4

Respond to RSPO1 and Wnt4 to differentiate the ovary

Question 5

Genital ridge forms

Answer 5

Ovary

Question 6

Developing primordial follicle is composed of

Answer 6

Ovum
Granulosa cells
Thecal cells

Question 7

Mesonephric duct in females

Answer 7

Regresses due to inadequate testosteron

Question 8

Paramesonephric duct survives due to what and becomes what

Answer 8

Lack of SRY gene
Becomes: fallopian tube, uterus, vagina

Question 9

Remnants of mesonephric duct in female

Answer 9

Epoophoron
Paraoophoron
Gartner’s cyst

Question 10

Paraovarian cyst comes from

Answer 10

Epoophoron

Question 11

Uterus and fallopian tubes are derived from the

Answer 11

Paramesonephric ducts (intermediate mesoderm)

Question 12

Sinovaginal bulb becomes

Answer 12

Vagina

Question 13

Upper vagina derived from

Answer 13

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 14

Lower vagina comes from

Answer 14

Endoderm

Question 15

Urogenital sinus becomes the

Answer 15

Pelvic urethra and the glans and urogenital plates

Question 16

The genital tubercle will form the

Answer 16

Glans clitoris

Question 17

Urogenital folds will form the

Answer 17

Labia minora

Question 18

Labioscrotal swellings will form the

Answer 18

Labia majora

Question 19

The phallic segment forms the

Answer 19

Vestibule of the vagina

Question 20

Genital tubercle does not grow, it becomes what because of what

Answer 20

Becomes glans clitoris because of the low testosterone and DHT

Question 21

The ovaries do not descend because there is

Answer 21

Low testosterone and DHT

Question 22

Superior Gubernaculum forms

Answer 22

Round ligament of ovary

Question 23

Inferior Gubernaculum forms

Answer 23

Round ligament of uterus

Question 24

MRKH syndrome

Answer 24

Vaginal atresia with absent cervix, uterus and fallopian tubes

Question 25

Unicornate uterus anomalies

Answer 25

Failure of paramesonephric duct to develop

Question 26

Double uterus (didelphys) anomalies

Answer 26

Last of fusion of paramesonephric ducts

Question 27

Bicornuate uterus anomalies

Answer 27

Partial fusion of paramesonephric ducts

Question 28

Diethylstilbestrol induced anomalies

Answer 28

In daughters: vaginal tumors or clear cell carcinoma, T shaped uterus
In sons: hypospadias and cryptorchidism with increased risk for testicular cancer

Question 29

Imperforate hymen

Answer 29

Failure of vaginal plate to perforate
Could lead to entrapment of menstrual flow at beginning of menstruation

Question 30

Hematocolpos

Answer 30

Vagina engorged with blood due to imperforate hymen

Question 31

Hematometra

Answer 31

Uterus enlarged by menstraul flow due to imperforate hymen

Question 32

True intersexuality

Answer 32

Ovotesticular disorders of sex development
Ovarian tissue and testicular tissue present

Question 33

Causes of true intersexuality

Answer 33

Mutations in the SRY gene
Tetragametic chimera
Division of one egg and then fusion

Question 34

Tetragametic chimera

Answer 34

2 eggs fertilized by 2 sperm cells, 1 female and one male zygote then fuse

Question 35

Female pseudo-intersexuality

Answer 35

46 XX genotype
Ovarian tissue
Masculinization of external genitalia
Fetus produces excess androgens
Deficiency of 21-hydroxylase

Question 36

What is the most common cause of female sexual ambiguity

Answer 36

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 37

Treatment for female pseudo intersexuality

Answer 37

Long term hormone replacement

Question 38

Male pseudo-intersexuality

Answer 38

46 XY
Stunted development of male genitalia
Feminization of male fetus
Lack of androgens (testosterone) in fetus)
Uterus and vagina do not form

Question 39

Which mutations are responsible for lack of androgens

Answer 39

5alpha reductase 2 deficiency
17B hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3

Question 40

Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome

Answer 40

46 XY
Stunted development of male genitalia
Loss of function mutation in the androgen receptor gene
X-linked recessive