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AVS 222 > Male Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the scrotum

A

thermoregulation/radiation

protection and support of testis

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2
Q

What is in the thermoregulation mechanism of the scrotum

A

sweat glands

thermosensitive nerves

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3
Q

First layer of the scrotum

A

skin

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4
Q

second layer of the scrotum

A

tunica dartos

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5
Q

third layer of the scrotum

A

scrotal fascia

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6
Q

fourth layer of the scrotum

A

parietal vaginal tunic

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7
Q

fifth layer of the scrotum

A

visceral vaginal tunic

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8
Q

6th layer of the scrotum

A

tunica albuginea

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9
Q

what are the characteristics of the tunica albuginea?

A

dense connective tissue

secretory tissues of the testicle

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10
Q

What are the three parts of the tunica vaginalis?

A

parietal, visceral, albuginea

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11
Q

Order of descent into the testis?

A 
Inguinal canal
Gubernaculum
Inguinal hernia
Tunica vaginalis form
Timing
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12
Q

Timing of testes descent in sheep/cattle

A

mid gestation

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13
Q

timing of testes descent in swine

A

1/3 of gestation

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14
Q

timing of testes descent in humans/horses

A

just before or after birth

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15
Q

function of the spermatic cord

A 
suspends the testis in the scrotum
Provides pathway to and from the body for the testicular vasculature, lymphatics, and nerves
thermoregulation
houses the cremaster muscle
houses the ductus/vas deferens
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16
Q

paminiform plexus

A

provides a concurrent heat exchange mechanism and act as a pulse pressure eliminator in spermatic cord

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17
Q

cremaster muscle

A
  • primary muscle supporting the testis
  • coursing the length of the spermatic cords
  • involves with testicular temperature regulation
  • striated muscle, short-term elevation of testes (unable to contract)
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18
Q

ductus/vas deferens

A

responsible for sperm transport from epidiymis to the urethra

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19
Q

functions of the testis

A
  1. Produce male germ cells (spermatozoa)
  2. Produce male steroid hormone (testosterone)
  3. Produce inhibin and estrogen, and other proteins
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20
Q

what are the two layers of the testicular capsule

A

tunica vaginalis

tunica albuginea

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21
Q

functions of the tunica vaginalis

A

thin membrane
provides support
from peritoneum

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22
Q

functions of the tunica albuginea

A

connective tissue

provides structure

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23
Q

mediastinum

A

a membranous partition between two body cavities or two parts of an organ.

ex: bull testis

connective tissue
provides internal support

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24
Q

seminiferous tubule

A

site of sperm production

consists of two cell types

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25
what are the two cell types within the seminiferous tubule
germ cells | sertoli/nurse cells
26
what are germ cells
eventual cells a cell containing half the number of chromosomes of a somatic cell and able to unite with one from the opposite sex to form a new individual; a gamete. undergo meiosis
27
sertoli cells
-Produce variety of substances including androgen binding protein, sulfated glycoprotein, transferrin, and inhibin - Surround developing germ cells - Providing structural and metabolic support to the developing spermatogenic cells
28
what is the blood-testis barrier
- cells surrounding the seminiferous tubules | - prevent autoimmune reaction from destroying the developing germ cells
29
what is a hormone produced by sertoli cells
androgen binding protein | -transports testosterone across blood testis barrier
30
interstitium
contiguous fluid-filled space existing between a structural barrier, such as a cell wall or the skin, and internal structures ex: Leydig cells
31
functions of leydig cells
a. Located between seminiferous tubules b. Produce androgens (testosterone) c. Rete testis d. Collect sperm from seminiferous tubules e. Vasa efferentia (efferent ductules) f. Collect sperm from rete testis g. Carry sperm out of testis proper
32
morphology of the epididymis
three parts: 1. head (caput) 2. body (corpus) 3. tail (cauda)
33
functions of the epididymis
In the epididymis spermatozoa gain the ability to fertilize an oocyte. 1. Sperm transport: a. Transport time varies with species (1) boars: 9-14 days (2) rams: 12 days (3) bulls: 14 days 2. Sperm maturation 3. Sperm motility 4. Sperm concentration 5. Storage (Bull = 50-75 billion sperm) 6. Production of compounds (e.g. Glycerol phosphocholine (GPC))
34
vas deferens/ductus deferens
paired ducts | turns into ampullae (NOT PRESENT IN BOARS)
35
ampullae
wide end of the vas deferens
36
function of vas deferens
sperm transport from epididymis to pelvic urethra
37
ligation of vas deferens
vasectomy
38
vesicular glands (seminal vesicles)
1. Paired glands 2. Located at junction of urethra & vas deferens 3. Have rough structure 4. Contribute largest volume of seminal fluid 5. Add the following a. Fructose & sorbitol -- energy sources b. Phosphate & bicarbonate -- buffers
39
prostate gland functions
1. Located caudal to seminal vesicles and close proximity to pelvic urethra a. Bi-lobulated in bull & boar b. Diffuse in ram (scattered around pelvic urethra) c. Surrounds urethra in dogs &humans 2. Only accessory gland found in dogs* 3. Functions to cleanse & lubricate 4. Secretes just prior to & during ejaculation
40
bulbourethral glands (cowpers gland)
1. Paired glands 2. Usually buried under bulbospongiosus muscle 3. Small & round in bull, ram, stallion, and man 4. Larger & longer in boar 5. Function: a. Bull: cleanse urethra prior to ejaculation b. Boar: produces gel fraction and adds considerable volume to ejaculate
41
colliculus seminalis
1. Region of urethra where sperm mixes with seminal vesicle secretions 2. Mixing incomplete in stallion, boar a. 2 different fractions: Sperm-free fraction & Sperm-rich fraction
42
penis definition
male copulatory organ consists of a base, a shaft, the glans penis, and crus penis
43
what are the two erectile tissues of the penis
corpus spongiosum | corpus cavernosum
44
corpus spongiosum
surrounds urethra and involves in erection by allowing rushing of blood into it
45
corpus cavernosum
involves in erection by allowing rushing of blood into it
46
what is the retractor penis muscle
Pair of smooth muscles | - Dorsally attached to tail vertebrae and it holds the penis inside the sheath in the
47
what species is the retractor penis in?
bull, boar, ram, buck, stallion
48
what are the three parts of the penis
base/root shaft glans penis
49
what is a glans penis
specialized distal end | contains sensory nerves
50
what is the crus penis
posterior portion of
51
what is the sheath
covers the penis
52
what are the two classifications of the penis
fibroelastic | musculovascular
53
what is the fibroelastic penis
a. Tunica albuginea – dense connective tissue b. Sigmoid flexure – S-shaped configuration along shaft of penis that allows penis to be retracted inside sheath until erection occurs c. Relies on muscle contractions/sigmoid flexure for erection
54
what species have a fibroeleastic penis
bull, boar, ram, buck
55
musculovascular penis
a. Erection relies on blood engorgement within corpus spongiosum and cavernosum
56
species that has a musculovascular penis
stallions, humans
57
penis modification: bull
none
58
penis modification: ram/buck
filform appendage/urethral process
59
penis modification: stallion
bell
60
penis modification: boar
corkscrew
61
penis modification: dog
bulbus glandis
62
penis modification: tomcat
spines

AVS 222 (5 decks)

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