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AVS 222 > Male Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the scrotum

A

thermoregulation/radiation

protection and support of testis

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2
Q

What is in the thermoregulation mechanism of the scrotum

A

sweat glands

thermosensitive nerves

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3
Q

First layer of the scrotum

A

skin

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4
Q

second layer of the scrotum

A

tunica dartos

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5
Q

third layer of the scrotum

A

scrotal fascia

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6
Q

fourth layer of the scrotum

A

parietal vaginal tunic

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7
Q

fifth layer of the scrotum

A

visceral vaginal tunic

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8
Q

6th layer of the scrotum

A

tunica albuginea

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9
Q

what are the characteristics of the tunica albuginea?

A

dense connective tissue

secretory tissues of the testicle

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10
Q

What are the three parts of the tunica vaginalis?

A

parietal, visceral, albuginea

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11
Q

Order of descent into the testis?

A 
Inguinal canal
Gubernaculum
Inguinal hernia
Tunica vaginalis form
Timing
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12
Q

Timing of testes descent in sheep/cattle

A

mid gestation

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13
Q

timing of testes descent in swine

A

1/3 of gestation

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14
Q

timing of testes descent in humans/horses

A

just before or after birth

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15
Q

function of the spermatic cord

A 
suspends the testis in the scrotum
Provides pathway to and from the body for the testicular vasculature, lymphatics, and nerves
thermoregulation
houses the cremaster muscle
houses the ductus/vas deferens
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16
Q

paminiform plexus

A

provides a concurrent heat exchange mechanism and act as a pulse pressure eliminator in spermatic cord

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17
Q

cremaster muscle

A
  • primary muscle supporting the testis
  • coursing the length of the spermatic cords
  • involves with testicular temperature regulation
  • striated muscle, short-term elevation of testes (unable to contract)
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18
Q

ductus/vas deferens

A

responsible for sperm transport from epidiymis to the urethra

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19
Q

functions of the testis

A
  1. Produce male germ cells (spermatozoa)
  2. Produce male steroid hormone (testosterone)
  3. Produce inhibin and estrogen, and other proteins
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20
Q

what are the two layers of the testicular capsule

A

tunica vaginalis

tunica albuginea

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21
Q

functions of the tunica vaginalis

A

thin membrane
provides support
from peritoneum

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22
Q

functions of the tunica albuginea

A

connective tissue

provides structure

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23
Q

mediastinum

A

a membranous partition between two body cavities or two parts of an organ.

ex: bull testis

connective tissue
provides internal support

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24
Q

seminiferous tubule

A

site of sperm production

consists of two cell types

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25
Q

what are the two cell types within the seminiferous tubule

A

germ cells

sertoli/nurse cells

26
Q

what are germ cells

A

eventual cells

a cell containing half the number of chromosomes of a somatic cell and able to unite with one from the opposite sex to form a new individual; a gamete. undergo meiosis

27
Q

sertoli cells

A

-Produce variety of substances including androgen binding
protein, sulfated glycoprotein,
transferrin, and inhibin
- Surround developing germ cells
- Providing structural and metabolic
support to the developing spermatogenic cells

28
Q

what is the blood-testis barrier

A
  • cells surrounding the seminiferous tubules

- prevent autoimmune reaction from destroying the developing germ cells

29
Q

what is a hormone produced by sertoli cells

A

androgen binding protein

-transports testosterone across blood testis barrier

30
Q

interstitium

A

contiguous fluid-filled space existing between a structural barrier, such as a cell wall or the skin, and internal structures

ex: Leydig cells

31
Q

functions of leydig cells

A

a. Located between seminiferous tubules
b. Produce androgens (testosterone)
c. Rete testis
d. Collect sperm from seminiferous tubules
e. Vasa efferentia (efferent ductules)
f. Collect sperm from rete testis
g. Carry sperm out of testis proper

32
Q

morphology of the epididymis

A

three parts:

  1. head (caput)
  2. body (corpus)
  3. tail (cauda)
33
Q

functions of the epididymis

A

In the epididymis spermatozoa gain the ability to fertilize an oocyte.

  1. Sperm transport:
    a. Transport time varies with species
    (1) boars: 9-14 days
    (2) rams: 12 days
    (3) bulls: 14 days
  2. Sperm maturation
  3. Sperm motility
  4. Sperm concentration
  5. Storage (Bull = 50-75 billion sperm)
  6. Production of compounds (e.g. Glycerol phosphocholine (GPC))
34
Q

vas deferens/ductus deferens

A

paired ducts

turns into ampullae (NOT PRESENT IN BOARS)

35
Q

ampullae

A

wide end of the vas deferens

36
Q

function of vas deferens

A

sperm transport from epididymis to pelvic urethra

37
Q

ligation of vas deferens

A

vasectomy

38
Q

vesicular glands (seminal vesicles)

A
  1. Paired glands
  2. Located at junction of urethra & vas deferens
  3. Have rough structure
  4. Contribute largest volume of seminal fluid
  5. Add the following
    a. Fructose & sorbitol – energy sources
    b. Phosphate & bicarbonate – buffers
39
Q

prostate gland functions

A
  1. Located caudal to seminal vesicles and close proximity to pelvic urethra
    a. Bi-lobulated in bull & boar
    b. Diffuse in ram (scattered around pelvic urethra)
    c. Surrounds urethra in dogs &humans
  2. Only accessory gland found in dogs*
  3. Functions to cleanse & lubricate
  4. Secretes just prior to & during ejaculation
40
Q

bulbourethral glands (cowpers gland)

A
  1. Paired glands
  2. Usually buried under bulbospongiosus muscle
  3. Small & round in bull, ram, stallion, and man
  4. Larger & longer in boar
  5. Function:
    a. Bull: cleanse urethra prior to ejaculation
    b. Boar: produces gel fraction and adds considerable volume to ejaculate
41
Q

colliculus seminalis

A
  1. Region of urethra where sperm mixes with seminal vesicle secretions
  2. Mixing incomplete in stallion, boar
    a. 2 different fractions: Sperm-free fraction & Sperm-rich fraction
42
Q

penis definition

A

male copulatory organ consists of a base, a shaft, the glans penis, and crus penis

43
Q

what are the two erectile tissues of the penis

A

corpus spongiosum

corpus cavernosum

44
Q

corpus spongiosum

A

surrounds urethra and involves in erection by allowing rushing of blood into it

45
Q

corpus cavernosum

A

involves in erection by allowing rushing of blood into it

46
Q

what is the retractor penis muscle

A

Pair of smooth muscles

- Dorsally attached to tail vertebrae and it holds the penis inside the sheath in the

47
Q

what species is the retractor penis in?

A

bull, boar, ram, buck, stallion

48
Q

what are the three parts of the penis

A

base/root
shaft
glans penis

49
Q

what is a glans penis

A

specialized distal end

contains sensory nerves

50
Q

what is the crus penis

A

posterior portion of

51
Q

what is the sheath

A

covers the penis

52
Q

what are the two classifications of the penis

A

fibroelastic

musculovascular

53
Q

what is the fibroelastic penis

A

a. Tunica albuginea – dense connective tissue
b. Sigmoid flexure – S-shaped configuration along shaft of penis that allows penis to be
retracted inside sheath until erection occurs
c. Relies on muscle contractions/sigmoid flexure for erection

54
Q

what species have a fibroeleastic penis

A

bull, boar, ram, buck

55
Q

musculovascular penis

A

a. Erection relies on blood engorgement within corpus spongiosum and cavernosum

56
Q

species that has a musculovascular penis

A

stallions, humans

57
Q

penis modification: bull

A

none

58
Q

penis modification: ram/buck

A

filform appendage/urethral process

59
Q

penis modification: stallion

A

bell

60
Q

penis modification: boar

A

corkscrew

61
Q

penis modification: dog

A

bulbus glandis

62
Q

penis modification: tomcat

A

spines

AVS 222 (5 decks)

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