Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AVS 222 > Female Reproductive Anatomy Part 2 > Flashcards

Female Reproductive Anatomy Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

histology of the oviduct

A

simple columnar ciliated epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

functions of the oviduct

A

A. Egg Collection
B. Site of Fertilization — end of ampulla
C. Maintains Early Embryo
1. First few days spent in oviduct
D. Embryo Transport
E. Gamete Transport
1. Moves egg down oviduct, primarily by cilia and smooth muscle
2. Moves sperm up oviduct, primarily by smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

three segments of the oviduct

A

infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

infundibulum

A

a. Closest to ovary
b. Funnel shaped
c. Motile at ovulation
d. Has fimbria on edge — finger-like projections
e. Opening called the ostium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ampulla

A

a. Middle section
b. Relatively large diameter compared to isthmus
d. Inner lining has many fern –like mucosal folds with ciliated
epithelium
e. Fertilization occurs at this site
• Ampullary Isthmic Junction (AIJ) – site of fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

isthmus

A

a. Segment closest to uterus
b. The junction to uterus is called uterotubal junction (UTJ)
• UTJ may regulate the movement of embryo to the uterus
c. Isthmus has a thicker muscular wall and fewer mucosal folds
compared to ampulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

structure of the oviduct

A

three layers:
tunica serosa
tunica muscularis
tunica mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

tunica serosa in oviduct

A

a. Outermost layer

b. Connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

tunica muscularis in oviduct

A

a. Middle layer
b. Two muscle layers
i. longitudinal muscle — outer layer
ii. circular muscle — inner layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

tunica mucosa in oviduct

A

a. Innermost layer
b. Two cell types
i. ciliated cells
ii. secretory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

function of the ovary

A
  1. Produce female gametes (ova or egg)
  2. Produce & release hormones
    • Steroids hormones: estrogen and progesterone
    • Protein hormones: oxytocin, relaxin, inhibin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

structure of the ovary

A 
germinal epithelium
tunica albuginea
ovarian cortex
medulla
hilus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

germinal epithelium

A

a. Outermost layer of ovary (cuboidal epithelial cells)

b. Is NOT the source of ova

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

tunica albuginea

A

a. Connective tissue layer under germinal epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ovarian cortex

A

a. Houses oocytes/ developing follicles, which contain ova (except
in the mare)
b. Houses corpus luteum (CL) after ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

medulla

A 
a. Central portion of ovary and composed of dense connective
tissue
b. Contains the following:
1) blood vessels
2) nerve supply
3) lymphatic system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hilus

A

a. Stalk of the ovary where nerves, lymphatics, and blood supply
enter ovary

18
Q

what is the exception to mares in the ovary?

A

ovulation fossa

Ovulation fossa - THE ONLY LOCATION (site) of ovulation

a. In mares, cortex & medulla are reversed
b. Fossa provides path for ova to get through connective layer
c. Follicles but not the CL can be palpated

19
Q

ovarian structures

A

follicle
corpus hemorrhagicum
corpus luteum
corpus albicans

20
Q

follicle

A

a. Site of ova production

b. Source of hormones (estradiol, inhibin)

21
Q

corpus hemorrhagicum

A

a. “Bloody body” - Also called developing CL
b. Forms at site of ovum release
c. Caused by bleeding when follicle ruptures
d. Short lived (2-3 days)

22
Q

corpus luteum

A

a. “Yellow body”
b. Forms form corpus hemorrhagicum
c. Secretes high amounts of progesterone

23
Q

corpus albicans

A

a. “White body”

b. Secretes minimal progesterone

24
Q

oocytes present at birth

A
  1. Human = 400,000
  2. Gilt = 80,000
  3. Cow = 75,000
25
Q

how are most oocytes lost in old cows

A

atresia

26
Q

follicular development

A 
primordial follicle
primary follicle
secondary follicle
tertiary/antral follicle
graafian follice
27
Q

primordial follicle

A
  1. Microscopic
  2. Most immature stage
  3. Smallest follicle encountered in ovarian cortex
  4. Females are born with the life time supply of these follicles
  5. Single layer squamous cells
28
Q

primary follicle

A
  1. Germ cell

2. Single layer of cuboidal granulosa cells

29
Q

secondary follice

A

Develop from the primary follicle

  1. Germ cell
  2. At least 2 layers of granulosa cells
  3. Absence of antrum (cavity)
  4. Zona pellucida, a thick protein layer formed
    a. Acellular coat around ovum
    b. Made of 3 glycoproteins (ZP-1, ZP-2, ZP-3)
30
Q

tertiary/antral follicle

A
  1. Germ cell
  2. Many layers of granulosa cells
  3. Two layers of theca cells
    a. Theca interna (inner layer)
    b. Theca externa (outer connective layer)
  4. Antrum
    a. Fluid-filled cavity
    b. Liquor folliculi — high amounts of steroid hormones (mainly
    estradiol)
31
Q

graafian follicle

A

(well-developed antral follicle)

  1. Follicle that will ovulate
  2. Appear as blisters on ovarian surface
  3. Few follicles reach this stage
32
Q

theca externa

A
  1. Loose fibrous outer layer

2. Contains capillaries

33
Q

theca interna

A
  1. Under theca externa
  2. Responsible for androgen (steroid) production (Testosterone)
  3. Layer contains capillaries
34
Q

granulosa cells

A
  1. Also called Stratum Granulosum
  2. Located under basement membrane
  3. Under influence of gonadotropin hormones produces estradiol
  4. Involves with maturation of oocyte
35
Q

corona radiata

A
  1. Layer of granulosa cells directly surrounding oocyte
36
Q

zona pellucida

A
  1. Non-cellular protein coat around the oocyte

2. Consists of three types of glycoproteins, ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3

37
Q

perivitelline space

A
  1. Space between zona pellucida and cell membrane of egg
38
Q

vitelline membrane

A
  1. cell membrane of egg
39
Q

oocyte

A
  1. The germ cell

2. Contains genetic material in germinal vesicle

40
Q

antrum

A
  1. Fluid-filled space surrounding oocyte
41
Q

cumulus mass

A
  1. Clump of oocytes held together by cumulus (granulosa) cells —in litterbearing animals
42
Q

true or false

After ovulation, theca and remaining granulosa cells undergo luteinization to
form the corpus luteum

A

true

AVS 222 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions