Male reproductive Flashcards
1
Q
gamete
A
reproductive cell (ova or sperm) containing 1/2 chromosomes to produce offspring of that species
2
Q
libido
A
psychological and physical drive towards sexual activities
3
Q
semen - comes from where? made where? (3
A
- fluid containing sperm and secretions from prostate of a male
- sperm from spermiferous
- 60% comes from seminal vesicle (nutrients for sperm and liquid)
- 30% alkaline fluid (protects sperm from acidic environ of urethra, vagina) from Prostrate gland
- more alkaline fluid from bulbourethral/Cowper glands
4
Q
fluid containing sperm and secretions from prostate of a male
A
semen
5
Q
psychological and physical drive towards sexual activities
A
libido
6
Q
reproductive cell (ova or sperm) containing 1/2 chromosomes to produce offspring of that species
A
gamete
7
Q
androgenic hormone responsible for the development of the male sex organs, including the penis, testicles, scrotum, and prostate
A
8
Q
testosterone
A
androgenic hormone responsible for the development of the male sex organs, including the penis, testicles, scrotum, and prostate
9
Q
produces testosterone
A
testes
10
Q
testes produces
A
testosterone, sperm
11
Q
primary male reproductive parts (2)
A
testes (sing testis)
scrotoum
12
Q
scrotum purpose
A
temperature
13
Q
semen produced where
A
testes in the seminiferous tubules
14
Q
testosterone - purpose in sex system
A
- body and facial hair
- increased muscle mass
- deepening voice
15
Q
scrotum purpose? - how?
A
temperature control of testes
1. moves testes closer when cold
2. further away when hot
16
Q
seminiferous tubules - purp? location? shape
A
produces sperm
within testes
numerous small tubes that test and coil
17
Q
epididymis - location, shape, purpose
A
- lying over superior surface of each testis
- single coiled tube
- stores sperm after it leaves the seminiferous tubules
18
Q
vas deferens - aka 2
A
seminal duct
ductus deferens
19
Q
vas deferens - purpose
A
carries sperm from epididymis to the seminal vesicle
20
Q
carries sperm from epididymis to the seminal vesicle
A
vas deferens
21
Q
seminal vesicle - purpose, connected to
A
provides nutrients that support sperm viability
produces ~60% seminal fluid
22
Q
provides nutrients that support sperm viability
produces ~60% seminal fluid
A
seminal vesicle
23
Q
union of vas deferens and seminal vesicle
A
ejaculatory duct
24
Q
prostate gland - struct, location, purpose
A
3-lobed organ
fused to the base of the bladder
secretes thin alkaline substance that accounts for 30% of seminal fluid (protects it from acidic environments of male urethra and male vagina)
25
after ejaculatory duct, sperm travels to
prostate gland
26
produces alkaline fluid to protect sperm from acidic environments (2)
bulbourethral (Cowper) glands
prostate gland
27
urethra expels (2)
sperm and rine
28
another name for orifice
meatus
29
Bulbourethral (Cowper) glands - location
below prostate, connected to urethra via small duct
30
why doesn't one pee during ejaculation
sphincter at base of bladder closes
also prevents semen from entering bladder
31
after prostate, semen goes to
urethra
32
semen exits body via
urethral orifice (meatus) on the enlarge tip of the penis (glans penis)
33
enlarged tip of the penis
glans penis
34
glans penis
enlarged tip of penis
35
covers the glans penis
foreskin (prepuce)
36
prepuce
hood of skin that covers the head of the glans penis
protects the highly sensitive nerve endings
37
Blood, Lymphatic, and Immune and and male reprod (2)
* The male reproductive system secretes testosterone into the extracellular fluids of the blood, lymphatic, and immune system for delivery throughout the body.
* The male reproductive system relies on increased blood supply to support the erectile tissue needed for copulation.
38
Cardiovascular and male reprod (2)
* Male hormones are transported throughout the body by the vascular system.
* Increased heart rate maintains the sexual excitement needed for ejaculation.
39
digestive and male reprod (2)
The male reproductive structures rely on a continuous supply of food and nourishment for proper functioning of the organs of reproduction.
* Male reproductive activities require food and nourishment for sexual behavior.
40
endocrine and male reprod (2)
The gonads produce hormones that provide feedback to influence pituitary function.
* Hormones produce and regulate the development of secondary sex characteristics.
41
hood of skin that covers the head of the glans penis
protects the highly sensitive nerve endings
prepuce (foreskin)
42
female reprod and male reprod (2)
The male reproductive structures produce and deliver sperm, the cell that provides one-half of the genetic complement required for the development of a fetus.
* The male organs of reproduction work in conjunction with the female reproductive system to enable fertilization of the ovum.
43
integumentary and male reprod
male hormones produce body and face hair
44
musculoskeletal and male reprod
Male hormones produce skeletal and muscular structures consistent with a larger body frame than that normally found in females.
45
nervous and male reprod (2)
The male reproductive structures rely on the nervous system to innervate the organs responsible for copulation.
* Mature male reproductive activities are regulated by the emotional aspects of the nervous system, especially the brain.
46
respiratory and male reprod
Respiratory
* The male reproductive system relies on the increased respiratory activity required for sexual activity.
* The male organs of reproduction require a constant supply of oxygen and the removal of waste gases for healthy functioning.
* The male reproductive system causes laryngeal changes, resulting in a deepening of the voice.
47
urinary and male reprod
The male reproductive system and the urinary system share common structures.
* Waste substances produced by the male reproductive organs are removed by the urinary system.
48
andr/o
male
49
male - combo
andr/o
50
balan/o
glans penis
51
-plasty
repair
52
repair - suf
-plasty
53
crypt/o
hidden
54
hidden - combo
crypt/o
55
The failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum and is usually a congenital disorder.
Cryptorchidism, also called cryptorchism
56
Cryptorchidism, also called cryptorchism
The failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum and is usually a congenital disorder.
57
-ism
condition
58
condition - suf
-ism
59
epididym/o
epididymis
60
epididymis - combo
epididym/o
61
genitalia - combo
genit/o
62
genit/o
genitalia
63
-ary
pertaining to
64
gonad/o
gonads, sex glands
65
gonads, sex glands -combo
gonad/o
66
gon/o
seed (ovum or sperm)
67
seed (ovum or sperm) - combo
gon/o
68
olig/o
scanty
69
oligospermia
70
orch/o
testis (pl testes)
71
testis - combo (3)
orch/o
orchid/o
test/o
72
orchid/o
testis
73
test/o
testis
74
perine/o
perineum
75
perineum - combo
perine/o
76
spermat/o
sperm
77
sperm - combo (2)
spermat/o
sperm/o
78
sperm/o
sperm
79
prostat/o
prostate gland
80
prostate gland - combo
prostat/o
81
varicocele
varicocele is a dilation of the veins of the spermatic cord, the structure that supports the testicles.
82
dilated vein - combo
varic/o
83
varic/o
dilated vein
84
vesicul/o
seminal vesicles
85
seminal vesicle - combo
veicul/o
86
-cide
killing
87
killing - suf
-cide
88
-genesis
forming, producing, origin
89
-ism
condition
90
condition - suf
-ism
91
-spadias
slit, fissure
92
anorchism
Anorchism is the congenital or acquired absence of one or both testes.
93
the congenital or acquired absence of one or both testes.
anorchidism
94
hypospadias
Hypospadias is a congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the underside of the glans penis instead of the tip.
95
slit, fissure - suf
-spadias
96
brachy-
short, slow
97
short - pref
brachy-
98
epi-
above, upon
99
above, upon - pre
epi-
100
semen - production to expulsion
1. sperm made in seminiferous tubules in testis
2. stored in epididymis
3. ejaculation pushes it out of epididymis so it travels through vas deference (seminal duct or ductus deferens)
4. seminal vesicle - adds nutrients for viability and ~60% of seminal fluid
5. union of vas deference and seminal vesicle is called ejaculatory duct
6. prostate gland adds ~30% seminal fluid, including alkalines to protect from acidic urethra and vagina
7. urethra where bulbourethral/Cowper glands (connected via duct to urethra) adds more alkalines
101
gonorrhea - parts involved, always, sometimes (3)
mucosal surface of genitourinary tract
sometimes involve rectum, pharynx
102
gonorrhea cause
bacterium - Neisseria gonorrhea
103
urology - def
branch of medicine involved with male reprod
urinary disorders in men and women
104
gonorrhea - symptoms
dysuria
pelvic pain
leukorrhea
105
leukorreha
white discharge from the vagina
106
white discharge from the vagina
leukorrhea
107
gonorrhea - long term effects
arthritis
cystitis
infertility in women
can infect newborn
108
gonorrhea treatment
antibiotics
109
chlamydia - cause
bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis
110
Chlamydia - symptoms
often mild, often permanent damage before diagnosed
if present
male- white discharge from penis, epididymitis (pain and swelling in scrotum)
female - cervicitis, mucopurulent discharge, may spread to baby
111
often mild, often permanent damage before diagnosed
if present
male- white discharge from penis, epididymitis (pain and swelling in scrotum)
female - cervicitis, mucopurulent discharge, may spread to baby
chlamydia
112
most common STI in USA
chlamydia
113
syphilis cause
treponema pallidum
114
treponema pallidum - causes
syphilis
115
syphilis stages describe
1. primary syphilis - painless sore (chancre) appears 3-90 days after exposure
2. secondary - body rash (most palms, soles) appears 4-10 weeks after exposure
3. latency period - mild/absent symptoms but still infections - years
4. tertiary - 3-15 post-exposure when disease has spread throughout body, particularly nervous and cardiovascular system, becomes life-threatening
5. blindness, stroke, mental disorders, and finally death
116
syphilis treatment
antibiotics
117
genital herpes - sign, cause, spreads, cure
red, blisterlike, painful lesions in genital region
cause by herpes simplex (HSV) usually type 2 but sometimes type 1
viral shedding - may not appear, but still infectious
no cure but antivirals available
118
HSV effect on infants
may spread via birth
rare but may kill infant
119
human papillomavirus (PVC) cauess
genital warts (condylomata, condylomas)
120
genital warts - cause, signs, spread, long term, treatment
1. human papillomavirus (HSV) strains
2. small, barely visible OR large in clusters
men - around penis or rectum
woman - around vulva, vagina, cervix
3. skin-to-skin contact (sex not necessary)
4. some strains can cause...
men - anal, penile cancer
women - vaginal, cervical cancer
5. vaccine for some strains, often not necessary, surgery or freezing
121
2 types genital warts
condylomata, condylomas
122
genital warts - signs, men and women
can be small and hard to see, or large in clusters
males - penis, rectum
females - vulva, vagina, cervix
123
genital warts cure
1. vaccines stop some
2. sometimes not necessary
3. surgical
4. freezing
124
bad affects of genital warts
men - anal, penile cancer
women - vulva, vagina, cervix
125
Trichomoniasis - cause
protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis
126
Trichomoniasis
1. affects
2. symptoms- men women
3. cause
4. treatment
5. long term effects
1. women - symptoms more common, men
2. women - frothy green-yellow discharge with strong odor, itching, irritation vulva
3. protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis
4. exists, antiparasite
5. in women vaginitis, urethritis, cystitis, pain during intercourse, dysuria
127
prostate cancer - test
1. prostate-specific antigen (PSA), periodic digital rectal examination (DRE)
2. dysuria, enuresis, blood in semen, erectile dysfunction, numbness or pain in pelvis, hematuria
3. surgery, radiation, radical prostatectomy, androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), bilateral orchicectomy, castration
128
-plasia
formation growth
129
formation, growth - suf
-plasia
130
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BHP)
Enlargement of the prostate, usually as part of the aging process that constricts the urethra, causing urinary symptoms including frequency, hesitancy, nocturia, and urinary retention (See Fig. 1
131
balanitis
Inflammation of the skin covering the glans penis, caused by bacteria, fungi, or a virus
132
balan-
glans penis
133
glans penis - combo
balan/o
134
Repeated inability to initiate or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse
erectile dysfunction
135
erectile dysfunction
Repeated inability to initiate or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse
136
hypogonadism
decrease/lack of hormones normally produced by the donads
137
-ism
condition
138
gonad/o
gonads
139
hypospadias
Congenital abnormality in which the opening of the male urethra is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip
140
Congenital abnormality in which the opening of the male urethra is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip
hypospadias
141
phimosis
Stenosis or narrowing of foreskin so that it cannot be retracted over the glans penis
142
priapism
Prolonged, commonly painful erection of the penis, which occurs without sexual stimulation
143
Prolonged, commonly painful erection of the penis, which occurs without sexual stimulation
priapism
144
prostatitis
acute or chronic inflammation of prostate
145
acute or chronic inflammation of prostate
prostatistis
146
Any of the various disorders that affect the testes
testicular abnormalities
147
testicular abnormalities
Any of the various disorders that affect the testes
148
anorchism
absence of one/more testicles
149
absence of one/more testicles
anorchism
150
Swelling and distention of veins of the spermatic cord, somewhat resembling varicose veins of the legs
varicocele
151
varicocele
Swelling and distention of veins of the spermatic cord, somewhat resembling varicose veins of the legs
152
153
digital rectal examination (DRE)
Screening test in males that evaluates the size and consistency of the prostate
154
Screening test in males that evaluates the size and consistency of the prostate
digital rectal examination
154
prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
Blood test used to detect prostatic disorders, especially prostate cancer; also called tumor marker test
155
semen analysis
Test that analyzes a semen sample for volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology to evaluate fertility or verify sterilization after a vasectomy
155
Blood test used to detect prostatic disorders, especially prostate cancer; also called tumor marker test
prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
156
Test that analyzes a semen sample for volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology to evaluate fertility or verify sterilization after a vasectomy
semen analysis
157
scrotal ultrasound
Imaging procedure using sound waves to assess the contents of the scrotum, including the testicles, epididymis, and vas deferens; also called testicular ultrasound
157
Imaging procedure using sound waves to assess the contents of the scrotum, including the testicles, epididymis, and vas deferens; also called testicular ultrasound
scrotal ultrasound
158
Imaging procedure using soundwaves emitted by a probe inserted through the rectum to serve as a guide for biopsy of the prostate when PSA and DRE are abnormal
transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy of the prostate
159
transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy of the prostate
Imaging procedure using soundwaves emitted by a probe inserted through the rectum to serve as a guide for biopsy of the prostate when PSA and DRE are abnormal
160
orchiopexy
fixation of testes in the scrotum (performed on undescended testes (before age 2) and for correcting testicular torsion
161
fixation of testes in the scrotum (performed on undescended testes (before age 2) and for correcting testicular torsion
orchiopexy
162
-pexy
fixation of a organ
163
fixation of a organ - suf
-pexy
164
prostatectomy
removal of part or all of the prostate
165
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP
Excision of prostate tissue by inserting a special endoscope (resectoscope) through the urethra and into the bladder to remove small pieces of tissue from the prostate gland (
166
Excision of prostate tissue by inserting a special endoscope (resectoscope) through the urethra and into the bladder to remove small pieces of tissue from the prostate gland (
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
167
brachytherapy of the prostate
Radiation oncology procedure where radioactive “seeds” are placed directly within or near a tumor in the prostate to destroy malignant cells (See Fig. 13-8.)
168
Radiation oncology procedure where radioactive “seeds” are placed directly within or near a tumor in the prostate to destroy malignant cells (See Fig. 13-8.)
brachytherapy of the prostate
169
cryotherapy of the prostate
freezing of prostate, causing cancer cells to die
170
freezing of prostate, causing cancer cells to die
cryotherapy of the prostate
171
external beam radiation therapy
procedure in which the patient is positioned at a distance from the radiation source, which is then directed at the prostate; also called external beam radiation (EBT) or teletherapy
172
procedure in which the patient is positioned at a distance from the radiation source, which is then directed at the prostate; also called external beam radiation (EBT) or teletherapy
external radiation therapy (EBRT)
173
alpha-1 blockers - function
Block alpha-1 receptors in the prostate and bladder, relaxing muscles and improving urine flow in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
174
Block alpha-1 receptors in the prostate and bladder, relaxing muscles and improving urine flow in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
alpha-1 blockers
175
androgens - function
increase testosterone levels
176
anitandrogens - fcns
suppress production of androgen
177
anti-impotence agents
Treat erectile dysfunction (impotence) by increasing blood flow to the penis, resulting in an erection
178
anti-impotence agents
Treat erectile dysfunction (impotence) by increasing blood flow to the penis, resulting in an erection
179
antivirals
Treat viral disorders by inhibiting the development of the offending virus
180
Treat viral disorders by inhibiting the development of the offending virus
antivirals
181
ADT
androgen deprivation therapy
182
androgen deprivation therapy - abr
ADT
183
HSV
herpes simplex virus
184
herpes simplex virus - abr
HSV
185
BPH
benign prostatic hyperplasia
186
benign prostatic hyperplasia
BPH
187
PSA
prostate-specific antigen
188
prostate-specific antigen- abr
PSA
189
DRE
digital rectal exam
190
digital rectal exam - ar
DRE
191
EBRT
external beam radiation therapy
192
external beam radiation therapy - abr
EBRT
193
TRUS
transrectal ultrasound
194
transrectal ultrasound - abr
TRUS
195
ED
erectile dysfunction, emergency department
196
erectile disfunction - abr
ED
197
TSE
testicular self-exam
198
testicular self-examination - ABR
TSE
199
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
200
TURP
transurethral rection of the prostate
201
transurethral rection of the prostate - abr
TURP
202
HPV
human papillomavirus
203
