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Medical terminology > Male reproductive > Flashcards

Male reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

gamete

A

reproductive cell (ova or sperm) containing 1/2 chromosomes to produce offspring of that species

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2
Q

libido

A

psychological and physical drive towards sexual activities

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3
Q

semen - comes from where? made where? (3

A
  • fluid containing sperm and secretions from prostate of a male
  • sperm from spermiferous
  • 60% comes from seminal vesicle (nutrients for sperm and liquid)
  • 30% alkaline fluid (protects sperm from acidic environ of urethra, vagina) from Prostrate gland
  • more alkaline fluid from bulbourethral/Cowper glands
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4
Q

fluid containing sperm and secretions from prostate of a male

A

semen

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5
Q

psychological and physical drive towards sexual activities

A

libido

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6
Q

reproductive cell (ova or sperm) containing 1/2 chromosomes to produce offspring of that species

A

gamete

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7
Q

androgenic hormone responsible for the development of the male sex organs, including the penis, testicles, scrotum, and prostate

A
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8
Q

testosterone

A

androgenic hormone responsible for the development of the male sex organs, including the penis, testicles, scrotum, and prostate

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9
Q

produces testosterone

A

testes

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10
Q

testes produces

A

testosterone, sperm

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11
Q

primary male reproductive parts (2)

A

testes (sing testis)
scrotoum

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12
Q

scrotum purpose

A

temperature

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13
Q

semen produced where

A

testes in the seminiferous tubules

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14
Q

testosterone - purpose in sex system

A
  1. body and facial hair
  2. increased muscle mass
  3. deepening voice
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15
Q

scrotum purpose? - how?

A

temperature control of testes
1. moves testes closer when cold
2. further away when hot

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16
Q

seminiferous tubules - purp? location? shape

A

produces sperm
within testes
numerous small tubes that test and coil

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17
Q

epididymis - location, shape, purpose

A
  1. lying over superior surface of each testis
  2. single coiled tube
  3. stores sperm after it leaves the seminiferous tubules
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18
Q

vas deferens - aka 2

A

seminal duct
ductus deferens

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19
Q

vas deferens - purpose

A

carries sperm from epididymis to the seminal vesicle

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20
Q

carries sperm from epididymis to the seminal vesicle

A

vas deferens

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21
Q

seminal vesicle - purpose, connected to

A

provides nutrients that support sperm viability
produces ~60% seminal fluid

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22
Q

provides nutrients that support sperm viability
produces ~60% seminal fluid

A

seminal vesicle

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23
Q

union of vas deferens and seminal vesicle

A

ejaculatory duct

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24
Q

prostate gland - struct, location, purpose

A

3-lobed organ
fused to the base of the bladder
secretes thin alkaline substance that accounts for 30% of seminal fluid (protects it from acidic environments of male urethra and male vagina)

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25
Q

after ejaculatory duct, sperm travels to

A

prostate gland

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26
Q

produces alkaline fluid to protect sperm from acidic environments (2)

A

bulbourethral (Cowper) glands
prostate gland

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27
Q

urethra expels (2)

A

sperm and rine

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28
Q

another name for orifice

A

meatus

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29
Q

Bulbourethral (Cowper) glands - location

A

below prostate, connected to urethra via small duct

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30
Q

why doesn’t one pee during ejaculation

A

sphincter at base of bladder closes
also prevents semen from entering bladder

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31
Q

after prostate, semen goes to

A

urethra

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32
Q

semen exits body via

A

urethral orifice (meatus) on the enlarge tip of the penis (glans penis)

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33
Q

enlarged tip of the penis

A

glans penis

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34
Q

glans penis

A

enlarged tip of penis

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35
Q

covers the glans penis

A

foreskin (prepuce)

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36
Q

prepuce

A

hood of skin that covers the head of the glans penis
protects the highly sensitive nerve endings

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37
Q

Blood, Lymphatic, and Immune and and male reprod (2)

A
  • The male reproductive system secretes testosterone into the extracellular fluids of the blood, lymphatic, and immune system for delivery throughout the body.
  • The male reproductive system relies on increased blood supply to support the erectile tissue needed for copulation.
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38
Q

Cardiovascular and male reprod (2)

A
  • Male hormones are transported throughout the body by the vascular system.
  • Increased heart rate maintains the sexual excitement needed for ejaculation.
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39
Q

digestive and male reprod (2)

A

The male reproductive structures rely on a continuous supply of food and nourishment for proper functioning of the organs of reproduction.

  • Male reproductive activities require food and nourishment for sexual behavior.
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40
Q

endocrine and male reprod (2)

A

The gonads produce hormones that provide feedback to influence pituitary function.

  • Hormones produce and regulate the development of secondary sex characteristics.
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41
Q

hood of skin that covers the head of the glans penis
protects the highly sensitive nerve endings

A

prepuce (foreskin)

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42
Q

female reprod and male reprod (2)

A

The male reproductive structures produce and deliver sperm, the cell that provides one-half of the genetic complement required for the development of a fetus.

  • The male organs of reproduction work in conjunction with the female reproductive system to enable fertilization of the ovum.
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43
Q

integumentary and male reprod

A

male hormones produce body and face hair

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44
Q

musculoskeletal and male reprod

A

Male hormones produce skeletal and muscular structures consistent with a larger body frame than that normally found in females.

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45
Q

nervous and male reprod (2)

A

The male reproductive structures rely on the nervous system to innervate the organs responsible for copulation.

  • Mature male reproductive activities are regulated by the emotional aspects of the nervous system, especially the brain.
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46
Q

respiratory and male reprod

A

Respiratory

  • The male reproductive system relies on the increased respiratory activity required for sexual activity.
  • The male organs of reproduction require a constant supply of oxygen and the removal of waste gases for healthy functioning.
  • The male reproductive system causes laryngeal changes, resulting in a deepening of the voice.
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47
Q

urinary and male reprod

A

The male reproductive system and the urinary system share common structures.

  • Waste substances produced by the male reproductive organs are removed by the urinary system.
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48
Q

andr/o

A

male

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49
Q

male - combo

A

andr/o

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50
Q

balan/o

A

glans penis

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51
Q

-plasty

A

repair

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52
Q

repair - suf

A

-plasty

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53
Q

crypt/o

A

hidden

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54
Q

hidden - combo

A

crypt/o

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55
Q

The failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum and is usually a congenital disorder.

A

Cryptorchidism, also called cryptorchism

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56
Q

Cryptorchidism, also called cryptorchism

A

The failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum and is usually a congenital disorder.

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57
Q

-ism

A

condition

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58
Q

condition - suf

A

-ism

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59
Q

epididym/o

A

epididymis

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60
Q

epididymis - combo

A

epididym/o

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61
Q

genitalia - combo

A

genit/o

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62
Q

genit/o

A

genitalia

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63
Q

-ary

A

pertaining to

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64
Q

gonad/o

A

gonads, sex glands

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65
Q

gonads, sex glands -combo

A

gonad/o

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66
Q

gon/o

A

seed (ovum or sperm)

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67
Q

seed (ovum or sperm) - combo

A

gon/o

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68
Q

olig/o

A

scanty

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69
Q

oligospermia

A
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70
Q

orch/o

A

testis (pl testes)

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71
Q

testis - combo (3)

A

orch/o
orchid/o
test/o

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72
Q

orchid/o

A

testis

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73
Q

test/o

A

testis

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74
Q

perine/o

A

perineum

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75
Q

perineum - combo

A

perine/o

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76
Q

spermat/o

A

sperm

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77
Q

sperm - combo (2)

A

spermat/o
sperm/o

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78
Q

sperm/o

A

sperm

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79
Q

prostat/o

A

prostate gland

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80
Q

prostate gland - combo

A

prostat/o

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81
Q

varicocele

A

varicocele is a dilation of the veins of the spermatic cord, the structure that supports the testicles.

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82
Q

dilated vein - combo

A

varic/o

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83
Q

varic/o

A

dilated vein

84
Q

vesicul/o

A

seminal vesicles

85
Q

seminal vesicle - combo

86
Q

-cide

87
Q

killing - suf

88
Q

-genesis

A

forming, producing, origin

89
Q

-ism

90
Q

condition - suf

91
Q

-spadias

A

slit, fissure

92
Q

anorchism

A

Anorchism is the congenital or acquired absence of one or both testes.

93
Q

the congenital or acquired absence of one or both testes.

A

anorchidism

94
Q

hypospadias

A

Hypospadias is a congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the underside of the glans penis instead of the tip.

95
Q

slit, fissure - suf

96
Q

brachy-

A

short, slow

97
Q

short - pref

98
Q

epi-

A

above, upon

99
Q

above, upon - pre

100
Q

semen - production to expulsion

A
  1. sperm made in seminiferous tubules in testis
  2. stored in epididymis
  3. ejaculation pushes it out of epididymis so it travels through vas deference (seminal duct or ductus deferens)
  4. seminal vesicle - adds nutrients for viability and ~60% of seminal fluid
  5. union of vas deference and seminal vesicle is called ejaculatory duct
  6. prostate gland adds ~30% seminal fluid, including alkalines to protect from acidic urethra and vagina
  7. urethra where bulbourethral/Cowper glands (connected via duct to urethra) adds more alkalines
101
Q

gonorrhea - parts involved, always, sometimes (3)

A

mucosal surface of genitourinary tract
sometimes involve rectum, pharynx

102
Q

gonorrhea cause

A

bacterium - Neisseria gonorrhea

103
Q

urology - def

A

branch of medicine involved with male reprod
urinary disorders in men and women

104
Q

gonorrhea - symptoms

A

dysuria
pelvic pain
leukorrhea

105
Q

leukorreha

A

white discharge from the vagina

106
Q

white discharge from the vagina

A

leukorrhea

107
Q

gonorrhea - long term effects

A

arthritis
cystitis
infertility in women
can infect newborn

108
Q

gonorrhea treatment

A

antibiotics

109
Q

chlamydia - cause

A

bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis

110
Q

Chlamydia - symptoms

A

often mild, often permanent damage before diagnosed

if present
male- white discharge from penis, epididymitis (pain and swelling in scrotum)
female - cervicitis, mucopurulent discharge, may spread to baby

111
Q

often mild, often permanent damage before diagnosed

if present
male- white discharge from penis, epididymitis (pain and swelling in scrotum)
female - cervicitis, mucopurulent discharge, may spread to baby

112
Q

most common STI in USA

113
Q

syphilis cause

A

treponema pallidum

114
Q

treponema pallidum - causes

115
Q

syphilis stages describe

A
  1. primary syphilis - painless sore (chancre) appears 3-90 days after exposure
  2. secondary - body rash (most palms, soles) appears 4-10 weeks after exposure
  3. latency period - mild/absent symptoms but still infections - years
  4. tertiary - 3-15 post-exposure when disease has spread throughout body, particularly nervous and cardiovascular system, becomes life-threatening
  5. blindness, stroke, mental disorders, and finally death
116
Q

syphilis treatment

A

antibiotics

117
Q

genital herpes - sign, cause, spreads, cure

A

red, blisterlike, painful lesions in genital region
cause by herpes simplex (HSV) usually type 2 but sometimes type 1
viral shedding - may not appear, but still infectious
no cure but antivirals available

118
Q

HSV effect on infants

A

may spread via birth
rare but may kill infant

119
Q

human papillomavirus (PVC) cauess

A

genital warts (condylomata, condylomas)

120
Q

genital warts - cause, signs, spread, long term, treatment

A
  1. human papillomavirus (HSV) strains
  2. small, barely visible OR large in clusters
    men - around penis or rectum
    woman - around vulva, vagina, cervix
  3. skin-to-skin contact (sex not necessary)
  4. some strains can cause…
    men - anal, penile cancer
    women - vaginal, cervical cancer
  5. vaccine for some strains, often not necessary, surgery or freezing
121
Q

2 types genital warts

A

condylomata, condylomas

122
Q

genital warts - signs, men and women

A

can be small and hard to see, or large in clusters
males - penis, rectum
females - vulva, vagina, cervix

123
Q

genital warts cure

A
  1. vaccines stop some
  2. sometimes not necessary
  3. surgical
  4. freezing
124
Q

bad affects of genital warts

A

men - anal, penile cancer
women - vulva, vagina, cervix

125
Q

Trichomoniasis - cause

A

protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis

126
Q

Trichomoniasis
1. affects
2. symptoms- men women
3. cause
4. treatment
5. long term effects

A
  1. women - symptoms more common, men
  2. women - frothy green-yellow discharge with strong odor, itching, irritation vulva
  3. protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis
  4. exists, antiparasite
  5. in women vaginitis, urethritis, cystitis, pain during intercourse, dysuria
127
Q

prostate cancer - test

A
  1. prostate-specific antigen (PSA), periodic digital rectal examination (DRE)
  2. dysuria, enuresis, blood in semen, erectile dysfunction, numbness or pain in pelvis, hematuria
  3. surgery, radiation, radical prostatectomy, androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), bilateral orchicectomy, castration
128
Q

-plasia

A

formation growth

129
Q

formation, growth - suf

130
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BHP)

A

Enlargement of the prostate, usually as part of the aging process that constricts the urethra, causing urinary symptoms including frequency, hesitancy, nocturia, and urinary retention (See Fig. 1

131
Q

balanitis

A

Inflammation of the skin covering the glans penis, caused by bacteria, fungi, or a virus

132
Q

balan-

A

glans penis

133
Q

glans penis - combo

134
Q

Repeated inability to initiate or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse

A

erectile dysfunction

135
Q

erectile dysfunction

A

Repeated inability to initiate or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse

136
Q

hypogonadism

A

decrease/lack of hormones normally produced by the donads

137
Q

-ism

138
Q

gonad/o

139
Q

hypospadias

A

Congenital abnormality in which the opening of the male urethra is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip

140
Q

Congenital abnormality in which the opening of the male urethra is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip

A

hypospadias

141
Q

phimosis

A

Stenosis or narrowing of foreskin so that it cannot be retracted over the glans penis

142
Q

priapism

A

Prolonged, commonly painful erection of the penis, which occurs without sexual stimulation

143
Q

Prolonged, commonly painful erection of the penis, which occurs without sexual stimulation

144
Q

prostatitis

A

acute or chronic inflammation of prostate

145
Q

acute or chronic inflammation of prostate

A

prostatistis

146
Q

Any of the various disorders that affect the testes

A

testicular abnormalities

147
Q

testicular abnormalities

A

Any of the various disorders that affect the testes

148
Q

anorchism

A

absence of one/more testicles

149
Q

absence of one/more testicles

150
Q

Swelling and distention of veins of the spermatic cord, somewhat resembling varicose veins of the legs

A

varicocele

151
Q

varicocele

A

Swelling and distention of veins of the spermatic cord, somewhat resembling varicose veins of the legs

153
Q

digital rectal examination (DRE)

A

Screening test in males that evaluates the size and consistency of the prostate

154
Q

Screening test in males that evaluates the size and consistency of the prostate

A

digital rectal examination

154
Q

prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

A

Blood test used to detect prostatic disorders, especially prostate cancer; also called tumor marker test

155
Q

semen analysis

A

Test that analyzes a semen sample for volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology to evaluate fertility or verify sterilization after a vasectomy

155
Q

Blood test used to detect prostatic disorders, especially prostate cancer; also called tumor marker test

A

prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

156
Q

Test that analyzes a semen sample for volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology to evaluate fertility or verify sterilization after a vasectomy

A

semen analysis

157
Q

scrotal ultrasound

A

Imaging procedure using sound waves to assess the contents of the scrotum, including the testicles, epididymis, and vas deferens; also called testicular ultrasound

157
Q

Imaging procedure using sound waves to assess the contents of the scrotum, including the testicles, epididymis, and vas deferens; also called testicular ultrasound

A

scrotal ultrasound

158
Q

Imaging procedure using soundwaves emitted by a probe inserted through the rectum to serve as a guide for biopsy of the prostate when PSA and DRE are abnormal

A

transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy of the prostate

159
Q

transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy of the prostate

A

Imaging procedure using soundwaves emitted by a probe inserted through the rectum to serve as a guide for biopsy of the prostate when PSA and DRE are abnormal

160
Q

orchiopexy

A

fixation of testes in the scrotum (performed on undescended testes (before age 2) and for correcting testicular torsion

161
Q

fixation of testes in the scrotum (performed on undescended testes (before age 2) and for correcting testicular torsion

A

orchiopexy

162
Q

-pexy

A

fixation of a organ

163
Q

fixation of a organ - suf

164
Q

prostatectomy

A

removal of part or all of the prostate

165
Q

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP

A

Excision of prostate tissue by inserting a special endoscope (resectoscope) through the urethra and into the bladder to remove small pieces of tissue from the prostate gland (

166
Q

Excision of prostate tissue by inserting a special endoscope (resectoscope) through the urethra and into the bladder to remove small pieces of tissue from the prostate gland (

A

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

167
Q

brachytherapy of the prostate

A

Radiation oncology procedure where radioactive “seeds” are placed directly within or near a tumor in the prostate to destroy malignant cells (See Fig. 13-8.)

168
Q

Radiation oncology procedure where radioactive “seeds” are placed directly within or near a tumor in the prostate to destroy malignant cells (See Fig. 13-8.)

A

brachytherapy of the prostate

169
Q

cryotherapy of the prostate

A

freezing of prostate, causing cancer cells to die

170
Q

freezing of prostate, causing cancer cells to die

A

cryotherapy of the prostate

171
Q

external beam radiation therapy

A

procedure in which the patient is positioned at a distance from the radiation source, which is then directed at the prostate; also called external beam radiation (EBT) or teletherapy

172
Q

procedure in which the patient is positioned at a distance from the radiation source, which is then directed at the prostate; also called external beam radiation (EBT) or teletherapy

A

external radiation therapy (EBRT)

173
Q

alpha-1 blockers - function

A

Block alpha-1 receptors in the prostate and bladder, relaxing muscles and improving urine flow in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

174
Q

Block alpha-1 receptors in the prostate and bladder, relaxing muscles and improving urine flow in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A

alpha-1 blockers

175
Q

androgens - function

A

increase testosterone levels

176
Q

anitandrogens - fcns

A

suppress production of androgen

177
Q

anti-impotence agents

A

Treat erectile dysfunction (impotence) by increasing blood flow to the penis, resulting in an erection

178
Q

anti-impotence agents

A

Treat erectile dysfunction (impotence) by increasing blood flow to the penis, resulting in an erection

179
Q

antivirals

A

Treat viral disorders by inhibiting the development of the offending virus

180
Q

Treat viral disorders by inhibiting the development of the offending virus

A

antivirals

181
Q

ADT

A

androgen deprivation therapy

182
Q

androgen deprivation therapy - abr

183
Q

HSV

A

herpes simplex virus

184
Q

herpes simplex virus - abr

185
Q

BPH

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

186
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia

187
Q

PSA

A

prostate-specific antigen

188
Q

prostate-specific antigen- abr

189
Q

DRE

A

digital rectal exam

190
Q

digital rectal exam - ar

191
Q

EBRT

A

external beam radiation therapy

192
Q

external beam radiation therapy - abr

193
Q

TRUS

A

transrectal ultrasound

194
Q

transrectal ultrasound - abr

195
Q

ED

A

erectile dysfunction, emergency department

196
Q

erectile disfunction - abr

197
Q

TSE

A

testicular self-exam

198
Q

testicular self-examination - ABR

199
Q

HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

200
Q

TURP

A

transurethral rection of the prostate

201
Q

transurethral rection of the prostate - abr

202
Q

HPV

A

human papillomavirus

Medical terminology (4 decks)

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