Female reproductive system Flashcards
1
Q
female external genitalia - aka?1
A
vulva
2
Q
gestation
A
time from conception to birth
3
Q
average human gestation
A
~280 days from last menstrual cycle
4
Q
weeks for prematurity
A
< 36 weeks
5
Q
orifice
A
mouth or entrance or outlet of any anatomical structure
6
Q
internal organs of female reproductive tract
A
- ovaries
- fallopian tubes
- uterus
- vagina
7
Q
parts of vulva?
A
- labia minora
- labia majora
- clitoris
- Bartholin gland
8
Q
area between anus and vaginal orifice
A
perineum
9
Q
perineum
A
area between anus and vaginal orifice
10
Q
mons pubis -struct
A
elevation of adipose tissue covered by skin and coarse pubic hair
11
Q
mons pubis job
A
cushions pubic
12
Q
pubis - aka
A
pubic bone
13
Q
pubic bone - aka?
A
pubis
14
Q
female reproductive cells
A
ova
15
Q
hormones - 3 critical times for them
A
preconception, feritilization, gestation
16
Q
amni/o
A
amnion, amniotic sac
17
Q
cervic/o
A
neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)
18
Q
cervix uteri
A
neck of the uterus
19
Q
colp/o
A
vagina
20
Q
vagin/o
A
vagina
21
Q
galact/o
A
milk
22
Q
lact/o
A
milk
23
Q
gynec/o
A
woman, female
24
Q
hyster/o
A
uterus (womb)
25
metr/o
uterus
26
uter/o
uterus (womb)
27
mamm/o
breast
28
mast/o
breast
29
men/o
menses, menstruation
30
metr/o
uterus (womb); measure
31
nat/o
birth
32
oophor/o
ovary
33
ovari/o
ovary
34
perine/o
perineum (area between scrotum or vulva and uterus)
35
salping/o
tube (usually fallopian or eustachian (auditory) tubes
36
-arche
beginning
37
-cyesis
pregnancy
38
-gravida
pregnant woman
39
-para
to bear (offspring)
40
-salpinx
tube (usually fallopian or auditory)
41
-tocia
childbirth; labour
42
-version
turning
43
ante-
before; in front of
44
dys-
bad; painful; difficult
45
endo-
in; within
46
multi-
multiple, much
47
post-
after
48
primi-
first
49
ovaries - shape? loc? structs within?
almond shape
pelvic cavity, one on each side of uterus
thousands of graafian follicles
50
graafian follicles - struct? -contains?
tiny, sac-like
ovum
51
life cycle of graafian follicle
1. created
2. ovum within matures thus it becomes mature follicle
3. then releases ovum - ovulation
4. empty follicle becomes corpus luteum
5. secretes estrogen and progesterone
6. At end of nonfertile cycle - degenerates
52
estrogen and progesterone jobs (5)
1. influence menstrual cycle
2. influence menopause
3. prepare uterus for implantation
4. promote growth of placenta
5. help develop secondary sex characteristics
53
corpus luteum - def? -does?
yellow mass that follicle becomes after it releases its ovum
secretes estrogen and progesterone
54
fallopian tubes - aka 2
oviducts, uterine tubes
55
fallopian tubes - job
transports ovum from ovary to uterus
56
fimbriae - struct? job?
fingerlike projection
create a current in fluid around ovary to move ovum through fallopian tube to uterus
57
how long until ovum disintigrates
48 hours without implantation
58
ovum discharged through
vagina
59
uterus - struct, location
muscular, hollow organ
pelvic cavity, between bladder and rectum
60
uterus - func?
contains and nourishes embryo until birth
61
vagina - struct?
muscular tube from cervix to exterior of the body
62
vagina lined by, helpful how?
folds of mucous membrane
gives elastic quality
63
Bartholin glands - purpuse?
lubricates vaginal orifice during sex
64
clitoris - struct
erectile tissue, richly innervated with sensory endings
65
episiotomy
surgical incision to perineum to enlarge vaginal opening for childbirth
66
areola
circle of darker skin around the nipple
67
milk-producing duct
lactiferous duct
68
how many lobules per nipple
15-20 lobules
69
menarche
initial menstrual period at pubert
70
embryo - age
0 - 3rd month
71
fetus - age
3rd month - birth
72
phases of menstrual cycle - names and times
menstrual days 1- 5
ovulatory days 6-14
postovulatory days 15-28
73
menstrual - days, desript
days 1-5
uterine endometrium sloughs off because hormones stim -> bleeding
menstrual flow through vagina
74
ovulatory - days, descript
menstruation ceaes
1. endometrium thickens as it is rebuilt
2. estrogen increases
3. several ova mature in graafian follicles
4. usually only one ovum reaches full maturity
5. ~14th day - follicle ruptures, releasing egg which travels via fallopian tube to the uterus
75
postovulatory - days? descrip?
15-28
empty graafian follicles fills with yellow material -> becomes corpus luteum
secretes estrogen and progesterone, stimulating building of endometrium for embryo implantation
if no implant -> corpus luteum degenerates as estro and proge decrease
uterine lining begins to shed
76
3 labor stages
1. dilation
2. expulsion
3. placental/afterbirth
77
stage of dilation - begins with? ends wtih?
uterine contractions
terminates when completely dilated cervix (~10cm)
78
completely dilated cervix approx
10 cm
79
length of expulsion stage
complete cervical dilation to brith
80
placental stage - time?
after childbirth to discharge of placenta from uterus
81
menopause - def?
cessation of ovarian activity and diminished hormone production
82
amenorrhea
absence of menses for 1 year
83
period in which menopause approaching
climacteric/change of life
84
female reprod and blood, lymphatic, immune syste (2)
1. mechs to prevent immune from destruction of sperm
2. reprod tract secretes substances that inhibit entry of pathogens
85
female syst and cardiovascular
estrogen lowers blood cholesterol and promotes cardio health in premenopausal women
86
female syst and digestive
estrogen affects metabolic rate
87
female reprod and endocrine (2)
1. estrogen has feedback mech that affects pituitary function
2. estrogen assists in prod of human chorionic gonadotropin hormones (HCG)
88
female reprod and integumentary syst (3)
Female hormones affect growth and distribution of body hair.
* Female hormones influence the activity of sebaceous glands.
* Female hormones influence skin texture and fat distribution.
89
female reprod and musculoskeletal system - 2
Estrogen influences muscle development and size.
* Estrogen influences bone growth, maintenance, and closure of epiphyseal plates.
90
female reprod and nervous syst (2)
Estrogen affects central nervous system development and sexual behavior.
* Estrogen provides antioxidants that have a neuroprotective function.
91
female reprod and respiratory syst
* Sexual arousal and pregnancy produce changes in the rate and depth of breathing.
* Estrogen is believed to provide a beneficial effect on the alveoli of the lungs.
92
female reprod and urinary system
* Kidneys dispose of nitrogenous wastes and maintain the homeostatic mechanisms of the mother and fetus.
93
aminion - root
amni/o
94
cervix uteri - root
cervic/o
95
neck - root
cervic/o
96
vagina - root
colp/o
97
milk - root 2
galact/o
lact/o
98
female - root
gynec/o
99
uterus - root 3
hyster/o
metri/o
uter/o
100
breast - root 2
mamm/o
mast/o
101
menses - root
men/o
102
uterus; measure -root
metr/o
103
birth root
nat/o
104
ovary - root 2
oophor/o
ovari/o
105
perineum root
perine/o
106
tube (usually fallopian or auditory) - root
salping/o
107
beginning - suf
-arche
108
pregancy - suf
-cyesis
109
pregnant woman - suf
-gravida
110
to bear suf
-para
111
tube (usually fallopian) - suf
-salpinx
112
childbirth; labor -suf
-tocia
113
turning - suf
-version
114
before, in front of - pre
ante-
115
bad; painful; difficult - pre
dys-
116
in; within - pre
endo-
117
many; much - pre
multi-
118
after - pre
post-
119
first - pre
primi-
120
albumin/o
albumin, protein
121
azot/o
nitrogenous compounds
122
bacteri/o
bacteria
123
cyst/o
bladder
124
vesic/o
bladder
125
gynecology (GYN)
medicine brance that deals with female reprod and breast
126
obstetric (OB)
medicine that manages health of woman and fetus during preg and birth and during puerperium
127
puerperium
period of adjustment post-childbirth where reprod organ return to nonpregnant state
128
OB/GYN
physician who is both obstetrician/gynecologist
129
endometriosis - basic def
presence of functional endometrial tissue outside uterus
130
endometriosis - how causes problems
extra-uteral endometrial tissue becomes implants/lesions/growth which can cause pain, infertility, other
also responds to hormonal flux of menstruation
131
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
general inflammation of uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, adjacent pelvic struct
132
PID - usual causes
bacteria but can e other pathogens which usually enter vagina via coitus, birth, abortion, etc, bad hygiene
133
main causes of PID
gonorrhea, chlamydia - 90%
abortion, birth, pelvic procedures
134
PID symptoms
lower abdom pain, vaginal discharge, fever, nausea vomiting
135
PID treatment
if early, easy -> antibiotics
136
Breast cancer causes
associated with ovarian hormonal function
high fat diet
family history
hormone replacement therapy
nulliparous
early onset of menarche
137
menarche
first menstrual period
138
nulliparous
refers to women who have never had children
139
breast cancer - detection
mammograms after 40
self exam
140
cervical cancer - related factors
coitus (many partner, partner had sex with someone with cervical cancer)
infection associated with sex
most common in 40-49
141
most common age for cervical cancer
40-49
142
testing for cervical cancer 2
Pap test (cytological exam)
abnormal results calls for colposcopy
143
treatment for cervical cancer
surgery, radiation, chemotherapy
144
atresia
congenital absence or closure of normal body opening (eg vagina)
145
congenital absence or closure of normal body opening (eg vagina)
atresia
146
choriocarcinoma
Malignant neoplasm of the uterus or at the site of an ectopic pregnancy
147
dyspareunia
pain during sex
148
endocervicitis
inflammation of mucous membranes lining cervix uteri
149
menstrual disorders - aka
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
150
amenorrhea
abscence of menstruation in woman of reprod age
151
dysmenorrhea
cramps/pain during menstruation
152
menorrhagia
abnormal heavy, prolonged menses
153
metrorrhagia
irregular uterine bleeding between menstrual periods or after menopause
154
oligomenorrhea
abnormally light or infrequent menses
155
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
symptoms that occur between ovulation and onset of menstruation
156
uterine fibroids
benign tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that develop in the uterus
157
uterine fibroids - made of
benign muscle and fibrous tissue
158
uterine fibroids - aka 2
leiomyomas, myomas
159
abruptio placentae
premature separation of placenta from uterine wall before third stage of labor
160
abruptio placentae - aka
placental abruption
161
Down syndrome
Extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy) altering mental and physical development of child
162
Down syndrome -aka
trisomy 21
163
eclampsia
most serios form of toxemia during pregnancy
164
signs of eclampsia -6
high blood pressure
edema
convulsions
renal dysfunction
proteinuria
coma
165
ectopic pregnancy
any pregnancy where ovum implants somewhere other than uterine cavity
166
placenta previa
obstetric complication in which the placenta is attached close to or covers the cervical canal and that results in bleeding during labor when the cervix dilates
167
obstetric complication in which the placenta is attached close to or covers the cervical canal and that results in bleeding during labor when the cervix dilates
placenta previa
168
transabdominal puncture of amniotic sac under ultrasound
use needle to remove amniotic fluid
amniocentesis
169
chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of genetic defects
170
amniocentesis
transabdominal puncture of amniotic sac under ultrasound
use needle to remove amniotic fluid
171
sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of genetic defects
chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
172
colposcopy
Visual examination of the vagina and cervix with an optical magnifying instrument (colposcope)
173
Visual examination of the vagina and cervix with an optical magnifying instrument (colposcope)
colposcopy
174
cordocentesis
Diagnostic prenatal test in which a sample of the baby’s blood is removed from the umbilical cord for testing
175
Diagnostic prenatal test in which a sample of the baby’s blood is removed from the umbilical cord for testing; also called
cordocentesis
176
percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS) - aka
cordocentesis
177
cordocentesis - aka?
percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS)
178
endometrial biopsy
removal of sample of uterine endometrium for microscopic study
179
removal of sample of uterine endometrium for microscopic study
endometrial biopsy
180
insufflation
delivery of pressurized air or gas into a cavity/organ/chamber to allow visual exam, remove obstruction or apply meds
181
delivery of pressurized air or gas into a cavity/organ/chamber to allow visual exam, remove obstruction or apply meds
insufflation
182
Papanicolau (PAP) test
An exfoliative cytology test to detect abnormal cells that are scraped from the cervix, usually obtained during routine pelvic examination
183
An exfoliative cytology test to detect abnormal cells that are scraped from the cervix, usually obtained during routine pelvic examination
Papanicolaou (Pap) test
184
pelvimetry
measurement of pelvic dimensions to determine if fetus can pass through during birth
185
measurement of pelvic dimensions to determine if fetus can pass through during birth
pelvimetry
186
hysterosalpingography (HSG)
Radiography and, usually, fluoroscopy of the uterus and uterine tubes (oviducts) following injection of a contrast medium
187
Radiography and, usually, fluoroscopy of the uterus and uterine tubes (oviducts) following injection of a contrast medium
hysterosalpingography (HSG)
188
radiographic exam of breast
mammography
189
transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS)
ultrasonography of pelvic area performed with probe inserted into vagina which provides sharper images of pathological and normal structures within pelvis
190
ultrasonography of pelvic area performed with probe inserted into vagina which provides sharper images of pathological and normal structures within pelvis
transvaginal ultrasounography
191
cerclage
suturing of cervix to prevent from premature dilation during pregnancy, resulting in spotaneous abortion or preterm birth
192
suturing of cervix to prevent from premature dilation during pregnancy, resulting in spotaneous abortion or preterm birth
cerclage
193
cesarean section (C-section)
incision in abdomen and uterus to remove fetus
194
incision in abdomen and uterus to remove fetus
C-section
195
colpocleisis
surgical closure of vaginal canal
196
surgical closure of vaginal canal
colpocleisis
197
-cleisis
closure
198
conization
excision of cone-shaped piece of tissue (eg. mucosa of cervix) for histological exam
199
excision of cone-shaped piece of tissue (eg. mucosa of cervix) for histological exam
conization
200
cryosurgery - aka
cryocautery
201
cryocautery - aka
cryosurgery
202
dilation and curettage (D&C)
widening of cervical canal with dilator and scraping the uterine endometrium with curette
203
widening of cervical canal with dilator and scraping the uterine endometrium with curette
dilation and curettage
204
hysterectomy
excision of uterus
205
excision of uterus
hysterectomy
206
subtotal hysterectomy
cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes remain
207
total hysterectomy
hysterectomy where cervix is removed but not ovaries and fallopian tubes
208
hysterectomy where cervix is removed but not ovaries and fallopian tubes
total hysterectomy
209
total plus bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
total (complete) hysterectomy including removal of uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, ovaries
210
total (complete) hysterectomy including removal of uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, ovaries
total plus bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
211
laparoscopy
visual exam of abdominal cavity with laparoscopy through one or more small incisions in abdominal wall (usually at umbilicus)
212
visual exam of abdominal cavity with laparoscopy through one or more small incisions in abdominal wall (usually at umbilicus)
laparoscopy
213
lumpectomy
excision of small breast tumor and some normal tissue around it
214
excision of small breast tumor and some normal tissue around it
lumpectomy
215
mammoplasty
surgical reconstruction of breast
216
surgical reconstruction of breast
mammoplasty
217
augmentation mammoplasty
insertion of breast prosthesis into body
218
insertion of breast prosthesis into body
augmentation surgery
219
mastectomy
removal of breast
220
removal of breast
mastectomy
221
total mastectomy -aka
simple mastectomy
222
total mastectomy
excision of entire breast, including nipple, areola, involved overlying skin
223
excision of entire breast, including nipple, areola, involved overlying skin
total mastectomy
224
modified radical mastectomy
excision of entire breast, including breast structure, underarm lymph nodes
leaves chest muscles intact
225
excision of entire breast, including breast structure, underarm lymph nodes
leaves chest muscles intact
modified radical mastectomy
226
excision of entire breast, all underlying lymph nodes, chest wall muscles
radical mastectomy
227
radical mastectomy
excision of entire breast, all underlying lymph nodes, chest wall muscles
228
reconstructive breast surgery
Creation of a breast-shaped mound to replace a breast that has been removed as a result of cancer or other disease
229
Creation of a breast-shaped mound to replace a breast that has been removed as a result of cancer or other disease
reconstructive breast surgery
230
tissue (skin) expansion breast reconstruction
Common breast reconstruction technique in which a balloon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle, saline solution is gradually injected to increase size, and the expander is then replaced with a more permanent implant
231
Common breast reconstruction technique in which a balloon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle, saline solution is gradually injected to increase size, and the expander is then replaced with a more permanent implant
tissue (skin) expansion breast reconstruction
232
transverse rectus abdominis muscle - breast reconstruction
Surgical creation of a skin flap using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen, which is passed under the skin to the breast area; the abdominal tissue (flap) is then shaped into a natural-looking breast and sutured into place (
233
Surgical creation of a skin flap using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen, which is passed under the skin to the breast area; the abdominal tissue (flap) is then shaped into a natural-looking breast and sutured into place (
transverse rectus abdominis muscle
234
tubal ligation
procedure that ties (ligates) fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy
235
procedure that ties fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy
tubal ligation
236
intrauterine device (IUD)
Small, T-shaped device inserted by a physician inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy
237
Small, T-shaped device inserted by a physician inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy
intrauterine device (IUD)
238
antifungals
treat vaginal yeast infection by altering yeast cell membrane or interfering with metabolic process
239
estrogens
treat symptoms of menopause through hormone replacement therapy
240
treat symptoms of menopause through hormone replacement therapy
estrogens
241
oral contraceptives
synthetic hormones used to prevent pregnancy and treat menstrual disorders
242
synthetic hormones used to prevent pregnancy and treat menstrual disorders
oral contraceptives
243
induce labor by increasing strength and frequency of uterine contraction
oxytocics
244
oxytocics
induce labor by increasing strength and frequency of uterine contraction
245
terminate pregnancy drug
prostaglandins
246
prostaglandins
terminates pregnancy
247
spermicides
chemically destroy sperm by causing highly acidic enviro
248
chemically destroy sperm by making enviro highly acidic
spermicide
249
AUB
abnormal uterine bleeding
250
CVS
chorionic villus sampling
251
dilation and curettage
D&C
252
DUB
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
253
GYN
gynecology
254
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
255
IUD
intrauterine device
256
obstetrics
OB
257
OB
obstetrics
258
OCPs
oral contraceptive pills
259
Papanicolaou test
Pap test
260
para 1,2,3
unipara, bipara, tripara (number of viable births)
261
PUBS
percutaneous umbilical blood sampling
262
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
263
STI
sexually transmitted infection
264
TRAM
transverse rectus abdominis muscle (flap)
265
LMP
last menstrual period
266
transvaginal ultrasonography- abr
TVUS
267
TVUS
transvaginal ultrasonography
268
last menstrual period - abr
LMP
269
intrauterine device - abr
IUD
270
transverse rectus abdominis muscle (flap) - abr
TRAM
271
hormone replace therapy - abr
HRT
272
pelvic inflammatory disease - abr
PID
273
gynecology - abr
GYN
274
percutaneous umbilical blood sampling - abr
PUBS
275
dysfunctional uterine bleeding - abr
DUB
276
dilation and curettage - abr
D&C
277
unipara, bipara, tripara (number of viable births) - abr
para 1, 2 3,
278
chorionic villus sampling - abr
CVS
279
oral contraceptive pills - abr
OCP
280
abnormal uterine bleeding - abr
AUB
281
-rhexis
rupture
282
rupture - suf
-rrhexis
283
-rrhaphy
suture
284
suture -suf
-rrhaphy
285
-pathy
disease
286
disease - suffix
-pathy
287
hemorrhage - suf
-rrhagia
288
-rrhagia
hemorrhage
289
fixation - suf
-pexy
290
-pexy
fixation
