Endocrine System

Question 1

endocrine primary purp

Answer 1

produce hormones that enter blood and travel to specific tissues or organs to modify their behaviour

Question 2

ductless glands of the endocrine system

Answer 2

pituitary
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
pancreatic
pineal
thymus
ovaries
testes

Question 3

antagonistic

Answer 3

acting in opposition; mutually opposing

Question 4

electrolytes

Answer 4

salts and minerals that conduct electrical impulses in the body

Question 5

glucagon

Answer 5

hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that stimulates the liver to change stored glycogen to glucose

Question 6

produced by pancreatic alpha cells

Answer 6

glucagon

Question 7

glycogen - made of

Answer 7

starch form of sugar

Question 8

glycogen is turned by the liver into ___

Answer 8

glycose

Question 9

glucose

Answer 9

simple sugar that is the end products of carbohydrate digestion

Question 10

sympathomimetic

Answer 10

Agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, the division of the nervous system that increases the “fight or flight” response

Question 11

Agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, the division of the nervous system that increases the “fight or flight” response

Answer 11

sympathomimetic

Question 12

pituitary gland - aka

Answer 12

hypophysis

Question 13

hypophysis - aka

Answer 13

pituitary gland

Question 14

pituitary gland - loc? size? aka x2?

Answer 14

pea-sized at base of brain
hypophysis, master gland

Question 15

why pituitary gland called master gland?

Answer 15

regulates many body act
stimulates other glands to secrete their own specific hormones

Question 16

2 lobes of hypophysis? - loc

Answer 16

anterior lobe - adenohypophysis
posterior lobe - neurohypophysis

Question 17

adenohypophysis -
part of? location?
trigger by?
produces?

Answer 17

anterior lobe of hypophysis/pituitary gland
action pf hypothalamus
>= 6 hormones

Question 18

neurohypophysis
- part of and loc?
- 2 purposes? hormone?

Answer 18

• posterior lobe of pituitary gland
• stores and secretes hormones produced by hypothalamus antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

Question 19

largest gland in endocrine syst

Answer 19

thyroid

Question 20

thyroid
- loc
- shape
- produces?

Answer 20

• neck just below larynx
• 2 large lobes separated by strip of tissue called isthmus
• Thyroid hormone (TH)

Question 21

Thyroid hormone
- aka?
use (1)? subuse (3)?
- made of?

Answer 21

• TH
  -increases rate of O2 consumption -> rate carbs, proteins, fats metabolized
  -actually 2 active iodine-containing hormones (T3), T4

Question 22

T3 formed from ___

Answer 22

mostly T4 at the target hormones

Question 23

thyroid hormone not found (4)

Answer 23

1. thyroid itself
2. adult brain
3. spleen
4. testes
5. uterus

Question 24

thyroid - 2 influences

Answer 24

1. maintaining blood pressure
2. influences growth

Question 25

ACTH

Answer 25

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 26

adrenocorticotropic hormone - aka

Answer 26

ACTH

Question 27

adrenocorticotropic hormone - target organ, function

Answer 27

adrenal cortex promotes secretion of corticosteroid (particularly cortisol)

Question 28

adrenocorticotropic hormone - disorders

Answer 28

hyposecretion - rate hypersecretion - causes Cushings

Question 29

follicle-stimulating hormone - aka

Answer 29

FSH

Question 30

FSH

Answer 30

follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 31

follicle-stimulating hormone - target organ, functions

Answer 31

ovaries - stimulates ova production, increases estrogen secretion testes - stimulates sperm production

Question 32

follicle-stimulating hormone - disorders

Answer 32

hyposecretions - failure of sex maturation hypersecretion - no know sig effects

Question 33

GH

Answer 33

growth hormone aka somatotropin

Question 34

somatotropin - aka

Answer 34

GH, growth hormone

Question 35

somatotropin - target organ, function

Answer 35

regulates growth of bone, muscle, other body tissues increases use of fat for energy

Question 36

somatotropin - disorders

Answer 36

hyposecretion - childhood -> pituitary dwarfism hypersecretion - childhood -> gigantism, adulthood -> acromegaly

Question 37

luteinizing hormone - abbrv

Answer 37

LH

Question 38

LH

Answer 38

luteinizing hormone

Question 39

luteinizing hormones - target, function

Answer 39

ovaries - promotes ovulation, stims estrogen, progesterone testes -proms secr testosterone

Question 40

luteinizing hormones - disorders

Answer 40

hyposecretions - poor lactation in nursing mothers; failure of sex maturation hypersecretion - no known side effect

Question 41

prolactin - abrv

Answer 41

PRL

Question 42

PRL

Answer 42

prolactin

Question 43

PRL - target, function

Answer 43

breast - with other hormones, promotes lactation

Question 44

prolactin - disorders

Answer 44

hypersecretion - galactorrhea (excessive milk)

Question 45

TSH

Answer 45

thyroid-stimulating hormones, thyrotropin

Question 46

thyroid-stimulating hormones - aka

Answer 46

thyrotropin

Question 47

thyrotropin - aka

Answer 47

thyroid-stimulating hormones,

Question 48

thyroid-stimulating hormones - target, function

Answer 48

thyroid gland - stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones

Question 49

thyroid-stimulating hormones - disorders

Answer 49

hyposecretion - infants - causes cretinism hypo - adults - myxedema hyper - Graves disease, resulting in exophthalmos

Question 50

Anterior pituitary hormone - aka

Answer 50

adenohypophysis

Question 51

Anterior pituitary hormones - 6 kinds

Answer 51

adrenocorticotropic hormone follicle-stimulating growth hormone (somatotropin) luteinizing prolactin thyroid-stimulating (thymotropin)

Question 52

posterior pituitary hormones - aka

Answer 52

neurohypophysis

Question 53

posterior pituitary hormones - 2 kinds

Answer 53

antidiuretic hormone oxytocin

Question 54

antidiuretic hormone - abr

Answer 54

ADH

Question 55

antidiuretic hormone - target, function

Answer 55

kidney - increases water reabsorption

Question 56

antidiuretic hormone - disorders

Answer 56

hypo - diabetes insipidus (DI) hyper - syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormones (SIADH)

Question 57

SIADH

Answer 57

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

Question 58

oxytocin - target, func

Answer 58

uterus - stimulates labor breast - milk secretion

Question 59

oxytocin - disorders

Answer 59

unknown

Question 60

calcitonin - hormone type

Answer 60

thyroid hormone

Question 61

thyroid hormones - 3

Answer 61

calcitonin thyroxine (T4) triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 62

calcitonin - target, fun

Answer 62

regulates calcium levels in conjunction with parathyroid hormone decreases reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from bone to blood

Question 63

calcitonin - disorders

Answer 63

childhood - most extreme, mass, shape, density adulthood - mild hypocalcemic agent

Question 64

thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine - fun (2)

Answer 64

increases energy production from all food types increases protein synthesis rate

Question 65

thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine disorders

Answer 65

hypo - infants cretinism hypo - adults - myxedema hyper - Graves, resulting in exophthalmos