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Medical terminology > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

endocrine primary purp

A

produce hormones that enter blood and travel to specific tissues or organs to modify their behaviour

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2
Q

ductless glands of the endocrine system

A

pituitary
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
pancreatic
pineal
thymus
ovaries
testes

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3
Q

antagonistic

A

acting in opposition; mutually opposing

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4
Q

electrolytes

A

salts and minerals that conduct electrical impulses in the body

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5
Q

glucagon

A

hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that stimulates the liver to change stored glycogen to glucose

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6
Q

produced by pancreatic alpha cells

A

glucagon

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7
Q

glycogen - made of

A

starch form of sugar

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8
Q

glycogen is turned by the liver into ___

A

glycose

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9
Q

glucose

A

simple sugar that is the end products of carbohydrate digestion

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10
Q

sympathomimetic

A

Agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, the division of the nervous system that increases the “fight or flight” response

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11
Q

Agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, the division of the nervous system that increases the “fight or flight” response

A

sympathomimetic

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12
Q

pituitary gland - aka

A

hypophysis

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13
Q

hypophysis - aka

A

pituitary gland

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14
Q

pituitary gland - loc? size? aka x2?

A

pea-sized at base of brain
hypophysis, master gland

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15
Q

why pituitary gland called master gland?

A

regulates many body act
stimulates other glands to secrete their own specific hormones

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16
Q

2 lobes of hypophysis? - loc

A

anterior lobe - adenohypophysis
posterior lobe - neurohypophysis

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17
Q

adenohypophysis -
part of? location?
trigger by?
produces?

A

anterior lobe of hypophysis/pituitary gland
action pf hypothalamus
>= 6 hormones

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18
Q

neurohypophysis
- part of and loc?
- 2 purposes? hormone?

A
  • posterior lobe of pituitary gland
  • stores and secretes hormones produced by hypothalamus antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
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19
Q

largest gland in endocrine syst

A

thyroid

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20
Q

thyroid
- loc
- shape
- produces?

A
  • neck just below larynx
  • 2 large lobes separated by strip of tissue called isthmus
  • Thyroid hormone (TH)
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21
Q

Thyroid hormone
- aka?
use (1)? subuse (3)?
- made of?

A
  • TH
    -increases rate of O2 consumption -> rate carbs, proteins, fats metabolized
    -actually 2 active iodine-containing hormones (T3), T4
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22
Q

T3 formed from ___

A

mostly T4 at the target hormones

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23
Q

thyroid hormone not found (4)

A
  1. thyroid itself
  2. adult brain
  3. spleen
  4. testes
  5. uterus
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24
Q

thyroid - 2 influences

A
  1. maintaining blood pressure
  2. influences growth
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25
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

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26
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone - aka

A

ACTH

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27
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone
- target organ, function

A

adrenal cortex
promotes secretion of corticosteroid (particularly cortisol)

28
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone - disorders

A

hyposecretion - rate
hypersecretion - causes Cushings

29
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone - aka

30
Q

FSH

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

31
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone - target organ, functions

A

ovaries - stimulates ova production, increases estrogen secretion
testes - stimulates sperm production

32
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone - disorders

A

hyposecretions - failure of sex maturation
hypersecretion - no know sig effects

33
Q

GH

A

growth hormone aka somatotropin

34
Q

somatotropin - aka

A

GH, growth hormone

35
Q

somatotropin - target organ, function

A

regulates growth of bone, muscle, other body tissues
increases use of fat for energy

36
Q

somatotropin - disorders

A

hyposecretion - childhood -> pituitary dwarfism
hypersecretion - childhood -> gigantism, adulthood -> acromegaly

37
Q

luteinizing hormone - abbrv

38
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

39
Q

luteinizing hormones - target, function

A

ovaries - promotes ovulation, stims estrogen, progesterone
testes -proms secr testosterone

40
Q

luteinizing hormones - disorders

A

hyposecretions - poor lactation in nursing mothers; failure of sex maturation
hypersecretion - no known side effect

41
Q

prolactin - abrv

42
Q

PRL

43
Q

PRL - target, function

A

breast - with other hormones, promotes lactation

44
Q

prolactin - disorders

A

hypersecretion - galactorrhea (excessive milk)

45
Q

TSH

A

thyroid-stimulating hormones, thyrotropin

46
Q

thyroid-stimulating hormones - aka

A

thyrotropin

47
Q

thyrotropin - aka

A

thyroid-stimulating hormones,

48
Q

thyroid-stimulating hormones - target, function

A

thyroid gland - stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones

49
Q

thyroid-stimulating hormones - disorders

A

hyposecretion - infants - causes cretinism
hypo - adults - myxedema
hyper - Graves disease, resulting in exophthalmos

50
Q

Anterior pituitary hormone - aka

A

adenohypophysis

51
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones - 6 kinds

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone
follicle-stimulating
growth hormone (somatotropin)
luteinizing
prolactin
thyroid-stimulating (thymotropin)

52
Q

posterior pituitary hormones - aka

A

neurohypophysis

53
Q

posterior pituitary hormones - 2 kinds

A

antidiuretic hormone
oxytocin

54
Q

antidiuretic hormone - abr

55
Q

antidiuretic hormone - target, function

A

kidney - increases water reabsorption

56
Q

antidiuretic hormone - disorders

A

hypo - diabetes insipidus (DI)
hyper - syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormones (SIADH)

57
Q

SIADH

A

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

58
Q

oxytocin - target, func

A

uterus - stimulates labor
breast - milk secretion

59
Q

oxytocin - disorders

60
Q

calcitonin - hormone type

A

thyroid hormone

61
Q

thyroid hormones - 3

A

calcitonin
thyroxine (T4)
triiodothyronine (T3)

62
Q

calcitonin - target, fun

A

regulates calcium levels in conjunction with parathyroid hormone
decreases reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from bone to blood

63
Q

calcitonin - disorders

A

childhood - most extreme, mass, shape, density
adulthood - mild hypocalcemic agent

64
Q

thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine - fun (2)

A

increases energy production from all food types
increases protein synthesis rate

65
Q

thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine disorders

A

hypo - infants cretinism
hypo - adults - myxedema
hyper - Graves, resulting in exophthalmos

Medical terminology (4 decks)

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