Male reproduction organs and female pelvic diseases Flashcards
Diseases evaluated
Cryptorchidism
Ectopic testis
Testicular inflammation, acute epididimis swelling
chronic - Hydrocele
Testicular cancer: the most common cancer in young men. Between 25-34 years old.
What methods are used for testicular imaging
Ultrasound and MRI
Ultrasound should have high frequency, even 12-15MHz and Doppler imaging.
MRI especially for disorders of testicular descent
MRI or CT can also be used to evaluate testicular cancer and lymphatic spread for enlarged lymph nodes and distant metastases.
What is most commonly affected if the testis are inflamed?
Epididymis. It can become so swollen that it compresses the vascular supply causing testicular ischemia
Seminoma characteristics
Hypoechoic.
25% have metastacized by diagnosis. Primarily to the lungs.
Often cause increased hCG levels.
They are sensitive to chemo and radiotherapy.
Non-seminoma characteristics
Heterogenic US. Have variable areas of Bleeding, Fibrosis, and Calcifications.
Hematologic manifestations in the testis
in about 7% of blood malignancies, there are diffuse or focal hypoechoic areas in the testis.
Basic imaging method for female pelvis and ovaries:
Transvaginal Ultrasound.
Imaging for pelvic malignancies in females
CT is essential to detect local invasion.
MRI for preggooooos
Benign tumors
serous cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenoma
What percentage of ovarian tumors are malginant
95%.
Are usually cystic or solid and often bilateral.
If they are solid, ovarian malignant tumors are usually HYPEREchoic.
How can endometriosis be detected by imaging
MRI imaging, showing inflammatory reactions around the endometrial tissue
most often around the peritonium or ovaries
How are the lesions of the uterus classified by location
Myometrial - fibroids aka myomas aka leiomyomas
Endometrial - polyps, endometrial carcinoma.
The most common gynecologic malignancy.
Usually in postmenopausal women.
What imaging method is used to evaluate the uterine cancers
MRI
