B33, Inflammation of the trachea and larynx

Question 1

Tracheitis, causes and symptoms

Answer 1

• Bacterial tracheitis:
  
  • S aureus - usually following viral upper resp infeciton.
  • S pneumo
  • H influenzae
  • Moraxells catarrhalis
• Symptoms
  
  • couging,
  • respiratory stridor
  • chest pain
  • fever
  • headache, dizziness

Question 2

Decubitus

cause and symptoms

Answer 2

inflammation and irritation causes by long-term intubation

inflammation and traumatic chronic irritation of the tracheal mocosa.

Becomes covered with fibrin.

Question 3

Laryngitis causes and symptoms

Answer 3

Laryngeal inflammation causes hoarseness, inability to speak.

Acute bacterial epiglottitis:

• Usually in children with an Hemophilus influenzae infection

Acute laryngitis:

• Often from inhaling an irritant or allergen.
• Or, from systemic anaphylactic shock
• Life threatening.

Infectious laryngitis:

• Tuberculosis
• Corynebacterium diptheria infection

Laryngotracheobronchitis, aka Croup

• Caused by Parainfluenza virus or RSV
• Severe cough and inspiratory stridor.
• Self limited for about a week
• Inflammation can be severe enough to cause respiratory failure from the narrowed airways